High-resolution gas chromatographic high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of human adipose tissue for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Patterson, Donald G.; Holler, James S.; Lapeza, Chester R.; Alexander, Louis; Groce, Donald F.; O’Connor, Rory V.; Sj, Smith; Liddle, John; Needham, Larry L.

doi:10.1021/ac00295a010

Cited by 82 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The organic solvent was then concentrated by evaporation to 1.2 mL. Extracts were then purified on Florisil before being analyzed by a gas-phase chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (adapted from Patterson et al 1986). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River's lower estuary.

Gagnon

Tremblay

Rouette

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

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Shellfish have the capacity to accumulate chemical contaminants found in their biotope and therefore present a potential risk for consumers. This study was conducted to assess the chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River's lower estuary. A survey was carried out on 162 recreational harvesters, and shellfish were sampled for chemical contaminant analysis. We quantified 10 metals, 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 10 chlorinated pesticides. We subsequently evaluated cancer and noncancer risks for four consumption scenarios based on our survey results and published results. Soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) were by far the most consumed shellfish species. Of the 56 selected contaminants, 36 were detected in the 23 homogenates of soft-shell clam meat. None of the contaminants found in the soft-shell clams were associated with intakes that exceed the main exposure limit recommendations proposed to prevent noncancer effects. However, several limits must be considered before drawing conclusions about the relative safety of shellfish consumption regarding this end point. Furthermore, inorganic arsenic and PCBs were present in sufficient concentrations to lead to cancer risks exceeding the level often considered acceptable for environmental exposure (1 × 10 -4 to 1 × 10 -6 ) in each of the four scenarios, even for the lowest observed scenario of 15 meals of soft-shell clams per year. Table 2.We studied the following arsenic species: trivalent arsenic (As +3 ), pentavalent arsenic (As +5 ), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid, as well as arsenobetaine and arsenocholine, two forms of dietary arsenic.Chemical analysis. Metals and organic compounds were analyzed by the toxicology laboratory of the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, the former Quebec Toxicology Center, Quebec City, Canada. This laboratory is accredited under ISO 17025 by the Standards Council of Canada and participates in several external quality assurance programs. Internal quality assurance procedures include standard calibration curve, blanks, reference materials, and 10% of duplicates.For the metal determination, 1 g (wet weight) of shellfish homogenate was digested with 2 mL ultrapure nitric acid for 16 hr at 120°C in a closed vessel. Mercury was determined using the cold vapor generation method (Ebbestad et al. 1975). All other metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; Elan 5000; Perkin-Elmer Sciex Instruments, Concord, Ontario, Canada).Speciation of the various forms of arsenic was done on the seven homogenates with the highest arsenic concentrations. The homogenates were incubated at 37°C for 12 hr and centrifuged for 20 min to separate the aqueous and solid phases. The supernatant obtained was then filtered on 2.5-and 0.45-µm membranes, and the filtrate was diluted with the HPLC system's mobile phase. Chromatography was carried out by ion pairing using a ZORBAX C 1...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River's lower estuary.

Gagnon

Tremblay

Rouette

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The laboratory procedures we used to analyze polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and PCBs in adipose tissue and serum have been previously described in detail (29,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) and only a briefdescription will be given here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We spiked the adipose tissue (32,33,36) or serum (29,34,35,37) samples with carbon-13-labeled PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs and in a separate analysis with carbon-13-labeled nonplanar PCBs. The separate analysis eliminated a previous problem with high recoveries of carbon-13-labeled PCB-77 (29).…”

Section: Sample Cleanup and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of non-ortho-substituted (coplanar), mono- and di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in human serum and adipose tissue.

Patterson

Todd

Turner

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

110

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We have measured non-ortho-substituted (coplanar) polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels as well as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in human adipose tissue and serum collected in Atlanta, Georgia. The results show that the concentrations ofthe coplanar PCBs can be more than an order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Our measurements in pooled serum collected in 1962, 1988, and 1969 show a decrease in coplanar PCB levelsfrom 1982 to 1989. Wefound that the pattern ofrelative amounts ofcoplanar PCBs in adipose tissue varied greatly from person to person unlike the PCDD and PCDF patterns, which were more nearly the same. Age was significantly correlated with the concentrations of 2,3,7,3,3'4,3,3',4,4A,5-PCB, and 3,3'4A,45,5'-PCB in adipose tissue. We also measured levels of the mono-and di-ortho chlorinesubstituted PCBs in human serum. The levels for some of these PCB congeners were three orders of magnitude higher than the coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. We used the international toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCDDs and PCDFs and the TEFs proposed by Safe for PCBs to calculate the 2,3,7,-TCDD equivalents. Four PCBs (3,3',4,4,5-;

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“…We do not report results for PCB 77 and OCDF because the relevant QA/QC procedures for these analytes were not met. Details of the procedures were first described by Patterson (Patterson et al, 1986(Patterson et al, , 1987 and modified in the current analysis as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of US Air Force veterans in 2002

et al. 2007

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We measured levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, non-ortho, and mono-ortho substituted PCBs in 106 US Air Force Vietnam veterans, participants of the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) who attended the final medical examination in 2002. Twelve veterans were Ranch Hands involved in aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam (1962Vietnam ( -1971, and 94 were Comparisons who flew transport missions in Southeast Asia (SEA) during the same time period. These veterans had no previous 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) measurement because they had not attended any of the previous AFHS examinations, or their previous measurements were missing or not valid.The mean TCDD levels in 2002 were 1.7 pg/g lipid in Comparisons and 5.5 pg/g lipid in Ranch Hands. The mean PCDD toxic equivalent -TEQ (1997) in Comparisons was 12.6 pg/g lipid, 5.4 pg/g lipid for PCDFs, 5.2 pg/g lipid for non-ortho PCBs, and 9.4 pg/g lipid for mono-ortho PCBs, with a total mean TEQ (1997) of 32.6 pg/g lipid. Corresponding mean TEQs in Ranch Hands were 15.5 pg/g lipid for PCDDs, 4.6 pg/g lipid for PCDFs, 2.2 pg/g lipid for non-ortho PCBs, and 9.3 pg/g lipid for mono-ortho PCBs, yielding the total mean TEQ (1997) of 31.6 pg/g lipid. Using the re-evaluated 2005 WHO TEFs, the total mean TEQs (2005) decreased by about 28% in both Comparisons and Ranch Hands, to 23.6 pg/g lipid and 22.8 pg/g lipid, respectively. This was mainly due to changes of TEFs for the group of mono-ortho PCBs, which decreased the monoortho PCBs TEQs by almost 90% in both Ranch Hands and Comparisons.

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High-resolution gas chromatographic high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of human adipose tissue for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Cited by 82 publications

References 14 publications

Chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River's lower estuary.

Chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River's lower estuary.

Levels of non-ortho-substituted (coplanar), mono- and di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in human serum and adipose tissue.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of US Air Force veterans in 2002

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