High-resolution geochemistry of volcanic ash highlights complex magma dynamics during the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption

Laeger, Kathrin; Petrelli, Maurizio; Andronico, Daniele; Misiti, Valeria; Scarlato, Piergiorgio; Cimarelli, C.; Taddeucci, Jacopo; Bello, E. Del; Perugini, Diego

doi:10.2138/am-2017-5860

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As starting materials, we used volcanic ash from two fallout deposits: the phonolitic, ~10 ka old Campi Flegrei-Pomici Principali Layer A 35 ( CF samples), and the basaltic-trachyandesite 36 products settling from the Eyjafjallajokull eruptive plume on 19 May 2010 ( EY samples). After oven drying, the ash was sieved manually into three grain size classes: d < 63 µm; 63 < d < 125 μm, and 125 < d < 250 μm, where d is the particle diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Bello

Taddeucci

Merrison

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Ash deposited during volcanic eruptions can be resuspended by wind and become hazardous for health and infrastructure hours to decades after an eruption. Accurate resuspension forecasting requires accurate modelling of the threshold friction velocity of the volcanic particles (Uth*), which is the key parameter controlling volcanic ash detachment by wind. Using an environmental wind tunnel facility this study provides much needed experimental data on volcanic particle resuspension, with the first systematic parameterization of Uth* for ash from the regions Campi Flegrei in Italy and also Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland. In this study atmospheric relative humidity (and related ash moisture content) was systematically varied, from <10% to >90%, which in the case of the Eyjafjallajökull fine ash (<63 μm) produced a twofold increase in Uth*. Using the Campi Flegrei fine ash (<63 μm) an increase in Uth* of only around a factor of 1.5 was observed. Reasonable agreement with force balance resuspension models was seen, which implied an increase in interparticle adhesion force of up to a factor of six due to high humidity. Our results imply that, contrary to dry conditions, one single modelling scheme may not satisfy the resuspension of volcanic ash from different eruptions under wet conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Bello

Taddeucci

Merrison

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Phases B and D particles have relatively weak, spectrally flat absorption (SmSpMab(f) plus MeNspWab). To consider if these remotely derived patterns are related to underlying magma composition, we compare the pattern of variation in our results with ground-based sampling of tephra silica content (Gudmundsson et al, 2012;Laeger et al, 2017). A comprehensive overview of ground-based particle composition throughout the 2010 eruption was obtained from the work of Gudmundsson et al (2012).…”

Section: Satellite-retrieved Particle Light-absorption Compared To Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Icelandic Volcano Emissions, as Observed From Space in the Era of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS)

Flower

Kahn

2020

JGR Atmospheres

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Volcanoes are natural phenomena that have global environmental impacts. Satellite remote sensing can help classify volcanic eruptions and track the dispersion of emissions. We assess multiple volcanic eruptions in Iceland (Eyjafjallajökull 2010, Grímsvötn 2011, and Holuhraun 2014-2015), using space-borne observations to infer information about the geological dynamics of each volcano and the properties and evolution of plume particles. We derive qualitative constraints on plume particle size, shape, and light-absorption characteristics from Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) space-borne imagery. With the MISR Research Algorithm (RA), we distinguish sulfate/water-dominated volcanic plumes from Holuhraun and ash-dominated plumes from Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn, and even identify subtler changes in ash particle size and light-absorption within plumes. Additionally, plume heights are retrieved geometrically from MISR. These are combined with surface thermal anomalies from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and SO 2 concentrations derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to synthesize eruption remote-sensing chronologies. Signals related to differences in particle properties are identified and linked to evolving magma composition at Eyjafjallajökull. The results illustrate the potential to distinguish qualitative differences in eruptive magma composition based on particle light absorption and plume profile from remote-sensing. For the sulfate-rich Holuhraun plumes, the influence of aerosol hygroscopic growth during transport is inferred from such data. Three processes appear to dominate plume evolution in Iceland: downwind aerosol formation, particle hydration, and particle deposition. This work demonstrates enhanced MISR capabilities and, more generally, remote-sensing analysis that can be applied globally, especially where suborbital volcano observations are limited or entirely absent.

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“…Geophysical and petrological constraints are not often combined to study the architecture of subvolcanic systems, largely because both data sets are seldom simultaneously available for the same eruptions (Jay et al, 2014). In the rare circumstance where both robust geophysical data sets and rock samples are available, integration can provide better constraints on magma storage depths, additional information about the structure and dynamics of magma plumbing systems, and an improved understanding of the processes responsible for pre-eruptive monitoring signals (Gudmundsson et al, 2016;Halldórsson et al, 2018;Hartley et al, 2018;Jay et al, 2014;Klügel et al, 2015;Laeger et al, 2017;Longpré et al, 2014;Magee et al, 2018;Stock et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Petrological and Geophysical Constraints on Magma System Architecture in the Western Galápagos Archipelago: Insights From Wolf Volcano

Stock

Bagnardi

Neave

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The 2015 eruption of Wolf volcano was one of the largest eruptions in the Galápagos Islands since the onset of routine satellite‐based volcano monitoring. It therefore provides an excellent opportunity to combine geophysical and petrological data, to place detailed constraints on the architecture and dynamics of subvolcanic systems in the western archipelago. We present new geodetic models that show that pre‐eruptive inflation at Wolf was caused by magma accumulation in a shallow flat‐topped reservoir at ~1.1 km, whereas edifice‐scale deformation during the eruption was related to a deflationary source at 6.1–8.8 km. Petrological observations suggest that the erupted material was derived from both a subvolcanic mush and a liquid‐rich magma body. Using a combination of olivine‐plagioclase‐augite‐melt (OPAM) and clinopyroxene‐melt barometry, we show that the majority of magma equilibration, crystallization, and mush entrainment occurred at a depth equal to or greater than the deep geodetic source, with little petrological evidence of material sourced from shallower levels. Hence, our multidisciplinary study does not support a fully transcrustal magmatic system beneath Wolf volcano before the 2015 eruption but instead indicates two discrete storage regions, with a small magma lens at shallow levels and the major zone of magma storage in the lower crust, from which most of the erupted material was sourced. A predominance of lower crustal magma storage has previously been thought typical of subvolcanic systems in the eastern Galápagos Archipelago, but our new data suggest that this may also occur beneath the more active volcanoes of the western archipelago.

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High-resolution geochemistry of volcanic ash highlights complex magma dynamics during the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

Experimental simulations of volcanic ash resuspension by wind under the effects of atmospheric humidity

The Evolution of Icelandic Volcano Emissions, as Observed From Space in the Era of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS)

Integrated Petrological and Geophysical Constraints on Magma System Architecture in the Western Galápagos Archipelago: Insights From Wolf Volcano

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