High-resolution imaging of retinal cells in the living eye

Pâques, Michel; Silva, Manuel; Roux, Michel J.; Bellman, Caren; Lacombe, F.; Grieve, Kate; Glanc, Marie; LeMer, Yannick; Sahel, José‐Alain

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702882

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…AO was originally designed to correct for atmospheric distortions in telescope images and has subsequently been developed to correct for ocular distortions [9]. Such a system is large and requires a unique setup for each individual subject that is being imaged.…”

Section: Technologies Availablementioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Identification of Photoreceptor Cones Using Multi-scale Modelling and Normalized Cross-Correlation

Turpin¹,

Morrow²,

Scotney³

et al. 2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Analysis of the retinal photoreceptor mosaic can provide vital information in the assessment of retinal disease. However, visual analysis of photoreceptor cones can be both difficult and time consuming. The use of image processing techniques to automatically count and analyse these photoreceptor cones would be beneficial. This paper proposes the use of multiscale modelling and normalized cross-correlation to identify retinal cones in image data obtained from a modified commercially available confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO). The paper also illustrates a process of synthetic data generation to create images similar to those obtained from the CSLO. Comparisons between synthetic and manually labelled images and the automated algorithm are also presented.

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Section: Technologies Availablementioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Identification of Photoreceptor Cones Using Multi-scale Modelling and Normalized Cross-Correlation

Turpin¹,

Morrow²,

Scotney³

et al. 2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Minimally invasive molecular delivery into the brain using optical modulation of vascular permeability

Choi

Ku²,

Chong³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Systemic delivery of bioactive molecules in the CNS is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, which has bottlenecked noninvasive physiological study of the brain and the development of CNS drugs. Here we report that irradiation with an ultrashort pulsed laser to the blood vessel wall induces transient leakage of blood plasma without compromising vascular integrity. By combining this method with a systemic injection, we delivered target molecules in various tissues, including the brain cortex. This tool allows minimally invasive local delivery of chemical probes, nanoparticles, and viral vectors into the brain cortex. Furthermore, we demonstrated astrocyte-mediated vasodilation in vivo without opening the skull, using this method to load a calcium indicator in conjunction with label-free photoactivation of astrocytes.femtosecond pulsed laser | laser tissue interaction | molecular delivery | permeability M icrovascular endothelial cells in the brain are interconnected through complex tight junctions, forming a physiological barrier against endogenous and exogenous molecules (1). Becauee of this blood-brain barrier (BBB), nearly 100% of macromolecules and more than 98% of small molecules do not cross the blood vessel wall. Thus, exogenously introduced molecular probes are widely used in vivo to study the molecular physiology of the brain. Systemic delivery through the blood circulation would be a safe, effective, and desirable method of distributing molecular probes or drugs into the brain.Various strategies have been proposed to circumvent the BBB. A transcranial approach invasively bypasses the BBB by drilling a hole in the head and injecting probes or drugs intracerebrally or intracerebroventricularly (2). At present, intracerebral injection is the gold standard for in vivo brain experiments; however, the invasiveness of opening the skull and inserting a pipette remains controversial (3, 4). A transnasal approach can noninvasively deliver molecular probes or drugs across the nasal mucosal barrier, but is limited to lipid-soluble small molecules (5). Another approach is to chemically modify therapeutic agents so that they can traverse the BBB effectively by enhancing lipid solubility, lowering molecular weight, or taking advantage of an endogenous transporter-mediated process. Various BBB disruption methods also have been proposed, including intracarotid arterial infusion of vasoactive agents and local ultrasonic irradiation with i.v. microbubble injection (6). However, no method allows the noninvasive and spatially specific delivery of large molecules into the brain.Near-infrared femtosecond pulsed lasers have been widely used for in vivo imaging because of their deep tissue penetration, reduced scattering, and localized nonlinear absorption. These properties also have enabled noninvasive optical modulation of live cells and tissues with subcellular resolution, including the generation of intracellular calcium, dissection of intracellular organelles, transient plasma membrane permeabilization, induction of arteria...

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High-resolution imaging of retinal cells in the living eye

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Automated Identification of Photoreceptor Cones Using Multi-scale Modelling and Normalized Cross-Correlation

Automated Identification of Photoreceptor Cones Using Multi-scale Modelling and Normalized Cross-Correlation

Minimally invasive molecular delivery into the brain using optical modulation of vascular permeability

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