High-Resolution Imaging with Adaptive Optics in Patients with Inherited Retinal Degeneration

Duncan, Jacque L.; Zhang, Yuhua; Gandhi, Jarel K.; Nakanishi, Chiaki; Othman, Mohammad; Branham, Kari; Swaroop, Anand; Roorda, Austin

doi:10.1167/iovs.06-1422

Cited by 236 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Central loss of photopic sensitivity is also broadly in keeping with the demonstration by adaptive optics that increased cone spacing and progressive cone loss can occur in RP without profound loss of function and without reduction in visual acuity. 21,22 No report of adaptive optics of a ring of highdensity AF has been published to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence with Photopic and Scotopic Fine Matrix Mapping in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: 4- to 8-Year Follow-up

Robson

Lenassi

Saihan

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To assess the significance and evolution of parafoveal rings of high-density fundus autofluorescence (AF) in 12 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).METHODS. Twelve patients with autosomal recessive RP or Usher syndrome type 2 were ascertained who had a parafoveal ring of high-density AF and a visual acuity of 20/30 or better at baseline. Photopic and scotopic fine matrix mapping (FMM) were performed to test sensitivity across the macula. AF imaging and FMM were repeated after 4 to 8 years and optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed.RESULTS. The size of the AF ring reduced over time and disappeared in one subject. Photopic thresholds were normal over the fovea; thresholds were elevated by 0.6 log units over the ring and by 1.2 log units external to the ring at baseline and differed by less than 0.1 log unit at follow-up. Mild photopic losses close to the internal edge of the ring were detected at baseline or follow-up in all. Mean scotopic thresholds over parafoveal areas within the ring were markedly elevated in 8 of 10 at baseline and were severely elevated in 9 of 11 at followup. The eccentricity of the inner edge of the AF ring corresponded closely with the lateral extent of the inner segment ellipsoid band in the OCT image.CONCLUSIONS. Ring constriction was largely coincident with progressive centripetal photopic threshold elevation led by worsening of rod photoreceptor function. The rate of constriction differed across patients, and a ring may reach a critical minimum before disappearing, at which stage central visual loss occurs. The structural and functional changes associated with rings of increased autofluorescence confirm that they provide an objective index of macular involvement and may aid the management of RP patients and the monitoring of future treatment efficacy. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6187-6195)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence with Photopic and Scotopic Fine Matrix Mapping in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: 4- to 8-Year Follow-up

Robson

Lenassi

Saihan

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…To calculate RPE cell density, Voronoi diagrams were constructed for each ROI using the manually-identified points and then the number of identifications was divided by the total area of the corresponding Voronoi neighborhoods (excluding those neighborhoods which exceeded the boundary of the ROI). The RPE cell-to-cell spacing was estimated according to a previouslydeveloped implementation [24] of the density recovery profile [25,26].…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive near infrared autofluorescence imaging of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the human retina using adaptive optics

Liu

Jung

Liu

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contain intrinsic fluorophores that can be visualized using infrared autofluorescence (IRAF). Although IRAF is routinely utilized in the clinic for visualizing retinal health and disease, currently, it is not possible to discern cellular details using IRAF due to limits in resolution. We demonstrate that the combination of adaptive optics (AO) with IRAF (AO-IRAF) enables higher-resolution imaging of the IRAF signal, revealing the RPE mosaic in the living human eye. Quantitative analysis of visualized RPE cells in 10 healthy subjects across various eccentricities demonstrates the possibility for in vivo density measurements of RPE cells, which range from 6505 to 5388 cells/mm 2 for the areas measured (peaking at the fovea). We also identified cone photoreceptors in relation to underlying RPE cells, and found that RPE cells support on average up to 18.74 cone photoreceptors in the fovea down to an average of 1.03 cone photoreceptors per RPE cell at an eccentricity of 6 mm. Clinical application of AO-IRAF to a patient with retinitis pigmentosa illustrates the potential for AO-IRAF imaging to become a valuable complementary approach to the current landscape of high resolution imaging modalities. References and links1. U. Kellner, S. Kellner, and S. Weinitz, "Fundus autofluorescence (488 nm) and near-infrared autofluorescence (787 nm) visualize different retinal pigment epithelium alterations in patients with age-related macular degeneration," Retina 30(1), 6-15 (2010). 2.

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“…Most studies have focused on the analysis of the spatial distribution of the cones [1][2][3][4], showing how the characteristics of the cone mosaic can vary between subjects, who are either healthy or who present retinal disease [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the changes of cone reflectance in adaptive optics flood illumination retinal images over three years

Mariotti¹,

Devaney²,

Lombardo³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:Although there is increasing interest in the investigation of cone reflectance variability, little is understood about its characteristics over long time scales. Cone detection and its automation is now becoming a fundamental step in the assessment and monitoring of the health of the retina and in the understanding of the photoreceptor physiology. In this work we provide an insight into the cone reflectance variability over time scales ranging from minutes to three years on the same eye, and for large areas of the retina (≥ 2.0 × 2.0 degrees) at two different retinal eccentricities using a commercial adaptive optics (AO) flood illumination retinal camera. We observed that the difference in reflectance observed in the cones increases with the time separation between the data acquisitions and this may have a negative impact on algorithms attempting to track cones over time. In addition, we determined that displacements of the light source within 0.35 mm of the pupil center, which is the farthest location from the pupil center used by operators of the AO camera to acquire high-quality images of the cone mosaic in clinical studies, does not significantly affect the cone detection and density estimation.

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High-Resolution Imaging with Adaptive Optics in Patients with Inherited Retinal Degeneration

Cited by 236 publications

References 55 publications

Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence with Photopic and Scotopic Fine Matrix Mapping in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: 4- to 8-Year Follow-up

Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence with Photopic and Scotopic Fine Matrix Mapping in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: 4- to 8-Year Follow-up

Noninvasive near infrared autofluorescence imaging of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the human retina using adaptive optics

Understanding the changes of cone reflectance in adaptive optics flood illumination retinal images over three years

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