High‐Resolution Measurements of the Halos of Four Dark Matter–Dominated Galaxies: Deviations from a Universal Density Profile

Abstract

We derive rotation curves for four nearby, low-mass spiral galaxies and use them to constrain the shapes of their dark matter density profiles. This analysis is based on high-resolution two-dimensional H velocity fields of NGC 4605, NGC 5949, NGC 5963, and NGC 6689 and CO velocity fields of NGC 4605 and NGC 5963. In combination with our previous study of NGC 2976, the full sample of five galaxies contains density profiles that span the range from DM ¼ 0 to DM ¼ 1:20, where DM is the power-law index describing the central density profile. The scatter in DM from galaxy to galaxy is 0.44, 3 times as large as in cold dark matter (CDM) simulations, and the mean density profile slope is DM ¼ 0:73, shallower than that predicted by the simulations. These results call into question the hypothesis that all galaxies share a universal dark matter density profile. We show that one of the galaxies in our sample, NGC 5963, has a cuspy density profile that closely resembles those seen in CDM simulations, demonstrating that while galaxies with the steep central density cusps predicted by CDM do exist, they are in the minority. In spite of these differences between observations and simulations, the relatively cuspy density profiles we find do not suggest that this problem represents a crisis for CDM. Improving the resolution of the simulations and incorporating additional physics may resolve the remaining discrepancies. We also find that four of the galaxies contain detectable radial motions in the plane of the galaxy. We investigate the hypothesis that these motions are caused by a triaxial dark matter halo and place lower limits on the ellipticity of the orbits in the plane of the disk of 0.043-0.175.

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“…Core-vs-cusp problem: The central density profiles of dwarf galaxy halos indicate a long-standing discrepancy between steep cusps predicted by CCDM-only simulations [29][30][31] compared to flat cores inferred from observed galaxy rotation curves [1, [32][33][34][35]. Observations of larger galaxies and clusters of galaxies may also exhibit cored profiles [36][37][38][39].…”

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Collisionally regenerated dark matter structures in galactic nuclei

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