High-Resolution Mri and Nanoparticles: the Future of Brain Imaging

Abstract

Cellular MRI uses superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to label cells (in vitro or in vivo) for detection in magnetic resonance images. The infiltration of inflammatory macrophages can be visualized in brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease, and correlates with disease severity and responses to treatments. Mesenchymal stromal cells, neural stem cells and immune cells used as cell therapies in CNS diseases can be tracked in vivo over time to determine their migration and dispersion.Tracking labeled cancer cells provides information about metastasis and proliferative status in preclinical tumor models. Ongoing technical improvements come from the development of new particles, the use of fluorine-based contrast agents and the refinement of high-field MRI for cell tracking.

Glycine–Nitrate Process for the Elaboration of Eu3+‐Doped Gd2O3 Bimodal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

“…These bifunctional probes can function as MRI contrast agents and fluorescent markers, among others [1] . On the one hand, contrast agents can either be paramagnetic [1,[12][13][14] T 1 (gadolinium-based complexes) [15][16][17] or superparamagnetic T 2 agents (iron oxide), [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and on the other hand, lanthanide complexes can be excellent fluorescent markers. [11,27,28] With the advent of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as contrast agents in MRI.…”

Advances of functional nanomaterials for magnetic resonance imaging and biomedical engineering applications

“…However, traditional gadolinium-based contrast agents with no target recognition ability for glioma cells may penetrate normal brain tissue around the tumor, which is not conducive to the precise location of the lesion area. In this case, cell-specific functional nanomaterials as contrast agents provide a new idea for the targeted diagnosis of brain tumors and are expected to improve the future of brain imaging (Hamilton et al, 2014). A novel biocompatible T2-weighted SPIONs nanoprobe was developed by coating with a silica shell and conjugating interleukin-6 receptor targeting peptides (I6P7).…”