“…In total, eight research articles were found, indicating that this field has been underexploited, which confirms the statement made by Almeida et al (2016). In these works that focus on the optimal spatial distribution of land uses, Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to calculate spatially explicit LCA (Almeida et al, 2016;Kreidenweis et al, 2016;Galán-Martín et al, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2019), assess land suitability (Yuan et al, 2018), record water sources allocation (Marzban et al, 2022;Ren et al, 2022) and propose optimal facility locations (Almeida et al, 2016). However, these works mainly focus on the spatial allocation of single-use (e.g., bioethanol production), which should be extended to optimize land uses for multiple purposes as the land use competition intensifies (Miret et al, 2016;Yao et al, 2017).…”