High-resolution, nonmechanical approach to polarization-dependent transmission measurements

Craig, Ronald A.; Gilbert, Sarah L.; Hale, Paul D.

doi:10.1109/50.701407

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To demonstrate this advantage, let us consider achieving 1-dB resolution at 35-dB level, the linear tuning schemes III and IV needs both shutters to move at steps of 0. 36 , while the single-shutter scheme I needs 0.18 and the symmetric-shutter scheme needs 0.01…”

Section: B Analysis Of Linear Tuning Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lowest PDL of this device is 0.8 dB at the 25 dB level over the wavelength range of 1520-1620 nm. Polarization dependence of the attenuation is measured with a deterministic method introduced by [36] and also turns out to be a function of shutter positions even at the same attenuation level. However, its actual dependence on aperture position exhibits no special behavior.…”

Section: Wdl Pdl and Dynamic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Zhang

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2008

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A dual-shutter MEMS variable optical attenuator (VOA) is designed for advanced tuning functions such as linear attenuation relationship and simultaneous coarse and fine tunings. The mechanism behind is to take advantage of the additional shutter to render one more degree of freedom for attenuation adjustment. Although dual-shutter VOAs with asymmetric functionalities have been reported before, these intrinsic capabilities owing to asymmetry have not been extensively investigated. In experiment, the fabricated VOA device has demonstrated a linear tuning over a 20-dB range with respect to the driving voltage of one shutter, and it has also realized simultaneously coarse tuning (2.5 dB/V) and fine tuning (0.1 dB/V) by the two shutters. Ideally, the tuning can start from any available working point, linear to any controlling parameter, at any slope of linearity, and with any tuning resolution. Theoretical attenuation model has also been developed to provide a roadmap for the VOA design and choice of working point. An interesting finding is that over a certain range the linear attenuation can be obtained by moving a fixed aperture rather than by reducing the aperture size, which greatly relaxes the difficulty of shutter position control. The measured results match well with the theoretical data, implying the possibility of developing a look-up table to locate the shutter positions quickly. The dual-shutter VOA accomplishes these features without the need of high-precision control systems and therefore gives a structure-based rather than a control-system-based solution, clearly advantageous over the previously developed VOAs.

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Section: B Analysis Of Linear Tuning Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wdl Pdl and Dynamic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Zhang

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2008

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The WDL is approximately 0.5 dB at the 20-dB attenuation level, and 1.1 dB at the 40-dB level. The PDL is measured by the deterministic method, which monitors the power change for four states of polarization: horizontal linear, vertical linear, +45 o and right-hand circular [15]. Over the whole attenuation range, the PDL is increased gradually to about 1.2 dB.…”

Section: Polarization and Wavelength Dependent Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retro-reflection VOA using parabolic mirror for low insertion loss and linear attenuation relationship

Zhang

Liu

Cai

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

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This paper reports a new design of MEMS variable optical attenuator (VOA) that makes use of a pair of parabolic mirrors as the retro-reflector in the horizontal plane and a normal fiber as the rod lens to focus in the vertical plane. It is advantageous over the conventional co-axial VOAs since it allows the fibers to be arranged in parallel and is thus convenient for the packaging. The parabolic mirrors improve the optical coupling and yield an insertion loss of only 1.4 dB even when only the normally-cleaved single mode fibers are used. The attenuation can go up to 63 dB when the mirror pair is rotated by 2.6 degrees. More importantly, a linear relationship is well maintained over the whole range, unlike the nonlinear relationship in many conventional VOAs. At the 20-dB level, the VOA measures a PDL of 0.2 dB and a WDL of 0.5 dB, which are superior to the typically values of 1-2 dB in the conventional VOAs.

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“…Further, the sources that can cause PDL in fiber optic components are: fiber bending, angled interfaces between fiber ends, dichroism E-mail address: sami laser@yahoo.com and oblique reflection [2]. Typical PDL values for a 10 Km singlemode fiber, WDM coupler, isolator and angled fiber connector are: <0.05 dB, <0.1 dB, <0.3 dB and <0.1 dB, respectively [2,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated quality control DFB laser-diodes based system for single-mode fiber-optic devices polarization dependent loss measurements

Alaruri

2015

Optik

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High-resolution, nonmechanical approach to polarization-dependent transmission measurements

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Retro-reflection VOA using parabolic mirror for low insertion loss and linear attenuation relationship

Automated quality control DFB laser-diodes based system for single-mode fiber-optic devices polarization dependent loss measurements

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