High-resolution reconstruction of the Hoei eruption (AD 1707) of Fuji volcano, Japan

Miyaji, N.; Kan'no, Ayumi; Kanamaru, Tatsuo; Mannen, Kazutaka

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.06.013

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fujisan volcano, ~100 km west-southwest of the city, is the most likely to produce tephra falls in greater Tokyo. During the 1707 Hoei eruption, Fujisan deposited tephra thicknesses of ~40 mm in central Tokyo (Magill et al, 2015;Miyaji et al, 2011), a >10,000 yr event for our simulations. For Jakarta, the hazard is not dominated by one particular volcano (Fig.…”

Section: Hazard Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating relative tephra fall hazard and risk in the Asia-Pacific region

Jenkins

Magill

Blong³

2018

Geosphere

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With increasing population densities and expanding urban boundaries, the potential for explosive volcanic eruptions to have adverse impacts upon urban areas is on the rise. This is particularly true for volcanoes along subduction zones, because they are almost exclusively explosive and often coincident with large populations. Explosive eruption hazards such as tephra fall have the potential to affect very large areas and numbers of people; populations in volcanic areas may therefore be exposed to tephra falls from more than one volcano. In this study we have simulated large numbers of plausible explosive eruptions of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 4 or greater for each of 141 volcanoes in the Asia-Pacific region. Tephra fall footprints are aggregated for 16 major cities, according to their probability of occurrence. This addresses an emerging need for international agencies and organizations to conduct regional-scale assessments, where at-risk areas can be compared on a like-for-like basis. Hazard in cities near subduction zones is two to three orders of magnitude greater than for those farther away. By combining our hazard estimates with indicators describing the exposure and vulnerability of people and infrastructure, tephra fall risk scores were calculated for each city. Risk is evaluated separately for human populations and potential economic impact, with the highest human risk scores calculated for Manila and the highest economic scores for Tokyo. The volcanoes with the greatest hazard contribution in the very populous cities of Manila, Tokyo, and Jakarta were identified as Taal (Manila), Fujisan (Tokyo), and six volcanoes equally (Jakarta). While this study provides a transparent and consistent method for assessing regional volcanic hazard and risk, there are challenges associated with the data-poor setting and we conclude by discussing what is required in order to improve regional tephra fall hazard and risk assessments. This study provides a regional-scale assessment that cannot replace hazard and risk information provided locally by official organizations.

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Section: Hazard Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating relative tephra fall hazard and risk in the Asia-Pacific region

Jenkins

Magill

Blong³

2018

Geosphere

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“…In the sedimentary sequence of Lake Yamanaka, no fine‐grained tephra fallout deposits have been identified, due to its proximal location to Mount Fuji. After the Hōei eruption, a thick scoria layer (thickness up to 64 cm; Miyaji et al, ) covered Lake Yamanaka and its catchment (Figure a). Sr and Zr measurements (Figure ), proxies for the presence of a terrigenous signal, indicate very low terrigenous input in the aftermath of the Hōei eruption.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene Changes in Erosion Patterns in a Lacustrine Environment: Landscape Stabilization by Volcanic Activity Versus Human Activity

Lamair

Hubert‐Ferrari

Ouahabi

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The most recent eruption of Mount Fuji (Japan), the VEI 5 Hōei plinian eruption (CE 1707) heavily impacted Lake Yamanaka, a shallow lake located at the foot of Mount Fuji. Here we discuss the influence of the Hōei eruption on the lacustrine sedimentation of Lake Yamanaka using high‐resolution geophysical and geochemical measurements on gravity cores. Hōei scoria fallout had two major impacts on Lake Yamanaka: (i) reduction of the sedimentation rate (from ~0.16 to ~0.09 cm/year) and (ii) the increase of in situ lake productivity. Sedimentation rates after the eruption were relatively low due to the thick scoria layer, trapping underlying sediments in the catchment. The lacustrine system took more than ~170 years to begin to recover from the Hōei eruption: most recently sedimentation recovery has been accelerated by changes in land use. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, vegetated strips delimited cultivated parcels, trapping sediment and minimizing anthropogenic impacts on the sedimentation rate. Over the last decade, the decline of agriculture and the increase of other human activities has led to an increase in the sedimentation rate (~1 cm/year). This study highlights the effect of the grainsize of the volcanic ejecta on the sedimentation rate following a volcanic eruption. Coarse‐grained tephra are difficult to erode. Therefore, their erosion and remobilization is largely limited to intense typhoons when porous scoria deposits are saturated by heavy rains. Moreover, this study suggests that recent anthropogenic modifications of the catchment had a greater impact on the sedimentation rate than the Hōei eruption.

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“…The estimated eruption mass of Hoei eruption in each phase (I, II, III, and IV) was 1.0 -6.2 × 10 11 kg (Mijyaji et al, 2011). The plume ratio of 0.7 indicates that pyroclastics were released from the upper 30% of the eruption column.…”

Section: Application Of Tephra2 Simulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The estimated plume height of the Hoei eruption (AD1707) was 20-28 km (Connor et al, 2009;Mijyaji et al, 2011). The estimated eruption mass of Hoei eruption in each phase (I, II, III, and IV) was 1.0 -6.2 × 10 11 kg (Mijyaji et al, 2011).…”

Section: Application Of Tephra2 Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Volcanic Hazards Assessment Support System for the Online Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation of Quaternary Volcanoes in the World

Takarada

2017

Front. Earth Sci.

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Volcanic hazards assessment tools are essential for risk mitigation of volcanic activities. A number of offline volcanic hazard assessment tools have been provided, but in most cases, they require relatively complex installation procedure and usage. This situation causes limited usage of volcanic hazard assessment tools among volcanologists and volcanic hazards communities. In addition, volcanic eruption chronology and detailed database of each volcano in the world are essential key information for volcanic hazard assessment, but most of them are isolated and not connected to and with each other. The Volcanic Hazard Assessment Support System aims to implement a user-friendly, WebGIS-based, open-access online system for potential hazards assessment and risk-mitigation of Quaternary volcanoes in the world. The users can get up-to-date information such as eruption chronology and geophysical monitoring data of a specific volcano using the direct link system to major volcano databases on the system. Currently, the system provides 3 simple, powerful and notable deterministic modeling simulation codes of volcanic processes, such as Energy Cone, Titan2D and Tephra2. The system provides deterministic tools because probabilistic assessment tools are normally much more computationally demanding. By using the volcano hazard assessment system, the area that would be affected by volcanic eruptions in any location near the volcano can be estimated using numerical simulations. The system is being implemented using the ASTER Global DEM covering 2790 Quaternary volcanoes in the world. The system can be used to evaluate volcanic hazards and move this toward risk-potential by overlaying the estimated distribution of volcanic gravity flows or tephra falls on major roads, houses and evacuation areas using the GIS-enabled systems. The system is developed for all users in the world who need volcanic hazards assessment tools.

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High-resolution reconstruction of the Hoei eruption (AD 1707) of Fuji volcano, Japan

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluating relative tephra fall hazard and risk in the Asia-Pacific region

Evaluating relative tephra fall hazard and risk in the Asia-Pacific region

Late Holocene Changes in Erosion Patterns in a Lacustrine Environment: Landscape Stabilization by Volcanic Activity Versus Human Activity

The Volcanic Hazards Assessment Support System for the Online Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation of Quaternary Volcanoes in the World

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