High-resolution record of the Matuyama–Brunhes transition constrains the age of Javanese
 Homo erectus
 in the Sangiran dome, Indonesia

Hyodo, Masayuki; Matsu’ura, Shuji; Kamishima, Yuko; Kondo, Megumi; Takeshita, Yoshihiro; Kitaba, Ikuko; Danhara, Tohru; Aziz, Fachroel; Kurniawan, Iwan; Kumai, Hisao

doi:10.1073/pnas.1113106108

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The Sangiran and Trinil specimens are from the Early Pleistocene (~1.6 or 1.2-0.8 Ma: Larick et al, 2001;Hyodo et al, 2011). The Sangiran series are sampled from a stratigraphic zone spanning over 400000 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications

Kaifu

Kurniawan

Kubo

et al. 2015

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Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this 'Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group' is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, possibly at a species-level. In this study, we reinvestigated Ngawi 1 based on the newly cleaned original specimen and using microcomputed tomography with the aim of testing if such morphological discontinuity really exists within the Javanese fossil record. We metrically and non-metrically examined 33 cranial characters that are useful to distinguish earlier and later Javanese H. erectus. We also evaluated the morphology of the three Sambungmacan crania (Sm 1, 3, and 4) in the same way. The results of these and multivariate analyses support previous studies that Ngawi 1 exhibits many characteristic features of Ngandong H. erectus. However, Ngawi 1 is more or less similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in smaller cranial size, a weak but distinct supraglabellar depression, a relatively short temporal bone, limited posterior projection of the middle part of the occipital torus, a shallower and 'roofed' mandibular fossa, and a smaller mastoid process. The three Sambungmacan crania also show general affinities to Ngandong, but are similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in a few or more characters. Such slightly shifted character distribution is at least consistent with the hypothesis of continuous evolution of H. erectus through the Pleistocene of Java. This minor but potentially meaningful pattern of morphological variation should not be overlooked when a morphological group is defined for the specimens from Ngandong, Sambungmacan, and Ngawi. We also determined the endocranial volume of Ngawi 1 to be 959 cm 3 .

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications

Kaifu

Kurniawan

Kubo

et al. 2015

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“…Block samples were also collected from consolidated but fragile sediments following the information in ref. 52. Alternating field and stepwise thermal demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization were conducted in 12-17 steps using a 2G cryogenic magnetometer and a Bartington MS2 susceptibility meter at Kobe University.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics and chronology of the earliest Acheulean at Konso, Ethiopia

Beyene

Katoh

WoldeGabriel

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Acheulean technological tradition, characterized by a large (>10 cm) flake-based component, represents a significant technological advance over the Oldowan. Although stone tool assemblages attributed to the Acheulean have been reported from as early as circa 1.6-1.75 Ma, the characteristics of these earliest occurrences and comparisons with later assemblages have not been reported in detail. Here, we provide a newly established chronometric calibration for the Acheulean assemblages of the Konso Formation, southern Ethiopia, which span the time period ∼1.75 to <1.0 Ma. The earliest Konso Acheulean is chronologically indistinguishable from the assemblage recently published as the world's earliest with an age of ∼1.75 Ma at Kokiselei, west of Lake Turkana, Kenya. This Konso assemblage is characterized by a combination of large picks and crude bifaces/unifaces made predominantly on large flake blanks. An increase in the number of flake scars was observed within the Konso Formation handaxe assemblages through time, but this was less so with picks. The Konso evidence suggests that both picks and handaxes were essential components of the Acheulean from its initial stages and that the two probably differed in function. The temporal refinement seen, especially in the handaxe forms at Konso, implies enhanced function through time, perhaps in processing carcasses with long and stable cutting edges. The documentation of the earliest Acheulean at ∼1.75 Ma in both northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia suggests that behavioral novelties were being established in a regional scale at that time, paralleling the emergence of Homo erectus-like hominid morphology. chronostratigraphy | Early Pleistocene | lithic technology development

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“…This morphology is also rare among the MiddleLate Pleistocene European archaic Homo (Martinón-Torres et al, 2012). However, Zanolli (2013) recently reported four four-cusped M 2 s that may have been derived from the terminal Early Pleistocene Bapang (Kabuh) Formation in the Sangiran Dome, Central Java (chronology based on Hyodo et al, 2011). Four-cusped M 2 s are relatively common in modern human populations (24%), but four-cusped M 1 s are rare (1%) (calculated from the data based on a large global modern human sample (n = 6790-8638) in Scott and Turner, 1997: Appendix A).…”

Section: Molar Crown Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptions of the dental remains of Homo floresiensis

Kaifu

Kono

Sutikna

et al. 2015

Anthropological Science

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Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during [2002][2003][2004] at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These different individuals share similar dental characteristics, supporting the view that the Liang Bua H. floresiensis assemblage represents a single population. We also reassess the previous claims for primitive and modern aspects of the H. floresiensis teeth. The previous studies reached conflicting conclusions: some researchers claim that these teeth are fully modern, whereas others highlight premolar and other morphologies that suggest their direct evolutionary link with the African earliest form of Homo or Australopithecus rather than with H. erectus. Neither of these views are supported. The H. floresiensis teeth exhibit a mosaic of primitive, derived, and unique characters, with the reported primitive aspects broadly comparable to the morphologies observed in H. erectus sensu lato. Although a more comprehensive comparative analysis is needed to fully illustrate dental morphological affinities of this dwarfed hominin species, we find no grounds for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from the small-bodied, primitive hominins such as H. habilis sensu lato.

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High-resolution record of the Matuyama–Brunhes transition constrains the age of Javanese Homo erectus in the Sangiran dome, Indonesia

Cited by 59 publications

References 43 publications

<i>Homo erectus</i> calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications

<i>Homo erectus</i> calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications

The characteristics and chronology of the earliest Acheulean at Konso, Ethiopia

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

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