High‐Resolution Time‐Correlated Single‐Photon Counting Using Electro‐Optic Sampling

Crockett, Benjamin; Howe, James van; Montaut, Nicola; Morandotti, Roberto; Azaña, José

doi:10.1002/lpor.202100635

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A repetitively pulsed laser with the repetition period of

T_r

illuminates the target through a two‐axis scanning galvo, and echo signals are scattered by the scattering medium. Benefiting from the excellent sensitivity of single‐photon detection, [ 27–29 ] the PCD is capable of detecting the extremely weak ballistic photons (even less than one photon in each period of measurement on average). To achieve 3D imaging, we propose the APMRM, where the GPM for polarization‐modulated photon‐counting 3D imaging and a time reshaping method are specially designed.…”

Section: Image Formation In Spcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning‐Driven Photon‐Counting 3D Imaging through Scattering Media Via Asynchronous Polarization Modulation

Liu,

Zhang,

Tian

2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Imaging through scattering media is widely studied in various applications including industrial inspection and autonomous driving. Most existing image sensors always suffer from the aliasing effect that generates a diffused image, leading to an extremely challenging problem in recovering targets of high quality, especially for 3D imaging. In this study, a scanning‐driven photon‐counting 3D imaging system through scattering media is proposed via asynchronous polarization modulation. To eliminate the aliasing effect, we utilize a point‐to‐point scanning strategy is used to illuminate the target and a photon‐counting detector to perceive weak echo signals passing through scattering media. Then, an asynchronous polarization‐modulated ranging method is proposed innovatively based on the Gamma pulse model to calculate the relative depth of the target for 3D imaging with the consideration of scattering media's difference. Therefore, the accuracy of the calculated depth and the generalization capability of the proposed method in real applications can be significantly improved. In addition, a time reshaping method is proposed to cope with the depth ambiguity caused by asynchronous measurements. In the experiment, a variety of strong scattering media is used to verify the excellent imaging capability of the proposed method.

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“…A repetitively pulsed laser with the repetition period of

T_r

Section: Image Formation In Spcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning‐Driven Photon‐Counting 3D Imaging through Scattering Media Via Asynchronous Polarization Modulation

Liu,

Zhang,

Tian

2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Note that the use of a laser in such problems is not something exotic. For example, in the well-developed method of electro-optic sampling, which has a very wide application [35,36], including the diagnostics of electron beams [37], the fast free electrons' field perturbs the electron density in surface layer, thereby changing its optical properties, which is recorded by a laser beam directed along the surface.…”

Section: Jetp Letters 2023mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smith–Purcell Radiation Driven by the Field of a Standing Laser Wave

Tishchenko

2023

Jetp Lett.

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Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) is well known as a source of quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic radiation that occurs when fast electrons move above a diffraction grating. In this paper, we calculated the Smith–Purcell radiation generation from a flat surface along which there is a field of a standing laser wave. A periodically changing laser field induces a periodic inhomogeneity in the distribution of electrons in the near-surface layer. This periodicity, being an analogue of a diffraction grating, leads to the possibility of generating Smith– Purcell radiation. It is shown that the properties of Smith–Purcell radiation from such an unusual “light” grating are also unusual: the dispersion relation, unlike the standard for Smith–Purcell radiation, does not contain diffraction orders, so that all radiation is concentrated in one peak. The calculated effect makes it possible to control the radiation frequency or angle by changing the laser frequency and may be of interest for the development of new compact radiation sources with tunable characteristics and for non-invasive diagnostics of relativistic electron beams.

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“…2(d4). This gives rise to the phenomenon of nonlocal dispersion accumulation 29,30,35,36 , where the 𝑔 &,* (,) (𝜏) corresponds to a waveform similar to the marginals, but where the dispersion is given by the sum of each dispersive line, 𝜙 ̈!" = 𝜙 ̈* + 𝜙 ̈&.…”

Section: Simulations Of the Dispersed Biphotonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we recently developed a simple, practical method based on electro-optic gating to improve the temporal resolution of single-photon 29 . As depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution electro-optic sampling of biphoton states

Crockett¹,

Howe²,

Montaut³

et al. 2023

Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

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High temporal resolution detection for time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is critical for a broad range of applications, such as sensing, bio-imaging and quantum information. To harness non-classical advantages, high temporal resolution TCSPC is necessary to capture the unique properties of quantum entanglement, in which the precise time delays between two photons are used to reconstruct the biphoton distribution. However, current state-of-the art, high-resolution TCSPC systems, such as superconducting nanowires, have large footprints and require cryogenic cooling to liquid helium temperatures. They are not well equipped to be conveniently mounted on a satellite or transported within a health care facility. Small footprint, simple, low energy consuming single photon detection systems are therefore needed in order for high temporal resolution TCSPC applications to move beyond the research laboratory.In this direction, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept experiment for improving the temporal resolution of single-photon and biphoton detection schemes that is simple, fiber-based, and readily chip integrable. The principle relies on electrooptic gating of fast single-photon and biphoton signals using a high-speed RF pulse which drives an electro optic intensity modulator. As such, the instrument response function (IRF) of the detection scheme takes on the temporal profile of the electro-optic gate. Experimentally, we improve the IRF of our detection scheme from ~1.54 ns to <100 ps, allowing high resolution detection of ultrafast single photon TCSPC signals as well as to observe nonlocal dispersion cancellation effects in ultrafast biphoton distributions. This technique could allow for practical and simplified access to rapid temporal dynamics at the single photon scale.

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High‐Resolution Time‐Correlated Single‐Photon Counting Using Electro‐Optic Sampling

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Scanning‐Driven Photon‐Counting 3D Imaging through Scattering Media Via Asynchronous Polarization Modulation

Scanning‐Driven Photon‐Counting 3D Imaging through Scattering Media Via Asynchronous Polarization Modulation

Smith–Purcell Radiation Driven by the Field of a Standing Laser Wave

High-resolution electro-optic sampling of biphoton states

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