The correlation of corrosion resistance and the related oxide layer structure on Ti-6Al-4 V alloy following a thermal hydrogenation processing (THP) plus common industrial heat treatment was investigated in this study. It appears that better corrosion resistance can be achieved by applying a post-THP annealing treatment associated with a controlled oxidation reaction which can almost seal the oxygen diffusion paths leading to the formation of a much thinner (0.56 μm), but denser oxide layer than has been indicated in the literature. The effect of the THP treatment on the possible mechanism for this produced oxide layer formation is discussed. The microstructure characterization of the substrate is also analyzed.Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is the most popular and widely used titanium alloy. Its major applications are in aerospace, chemical, automotive, marine, and biomedical industries due to the superior combination of mechanical properties with low density and good corrosion resistance. 1 Thermal hydrogenation processing (THP) is a recently developed process in which the hydrogen is used as a temporary alloying element. The hydrogen is added to the titanium alloy by holding the alloy at a relatively high temperature in a hydrogen environment, and then removing the absorbed hydrogen in the matrix using a controlled vacuum anneal. This attractive and powerful metallurgy technique can improve the production, processing, microstructure, and properties of titanium alloys. The correlation between the THP treatments and related properties is detailed elsewhere and reviewed by Froes et al. [2][3][4][5] Interestingly, studies have reported that the THP treatment can lead to grain refinement within the α matrix of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy and improve its mechanical properties. 6-9 However, according to some investigations of the microstructural effect on the corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, 10-13 α/β interfaces act as the preferential dissolution locations and increase the corrosion rate. 14 Therefore, the refined grains are an expected disadvantageous for corrosion resistance as a higher volume fraction of grain boundaries (α/β interfaces) is created. 15 That is the reason why the employment of the THP treatment against corrosion resistance is still ignored although recently the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy has been studied after the THP treatment under an oxide layer polished condition. 15 It is commonly understood that improvement in corrosion resistance of Ti based alloys can be achieved by employing a surface oxidation treatment such as plasma oxidation, 16 ion implantation, 17 anodizing, 18 and thermal oxidation, 19-22 among which the thermal oxidation technique generally provides the simplest and most cost-effective method to deliberately generate a barrier oxide layer with a greater thickness and corrosion resistance. 23 However, it should be noted that the increased thickness of the oxide layer may cause a porous structure and decreased adherence to the substrate, leading to a reduced corrosion resistance and even premature failure once...