High-Resolution Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Carpal Tendons of Sporting Border Collies

Entani, Maria Grazia; Franini, Alessio; Barella, Gabriele; Saleri, Roberta; Rensis, F. De; Spattini, Giliola

doi:10.3390/ani12162050

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…All radiographic, computed tomographic, ultrasonographic and 3D‐VRT images and recorded data were evaluated and compared. The results and anatomical structures were compared with the literature (Entani et al., 2022; González‐Rellán et al., 2021; González‐Rellán et al., 2022; Hermanson, 2013; Mikić et al., 1992). Image viewing and analysis were performed and generated using medical imaging software Horos™ (version 3.3.6, http://www.horos http://project.org/, open source, © 2022 Horos Project).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthrographic description of the canine carpal joint cavities and its recesses

Klußmann,

Meyer‐Lindenberg,

Brühschwein

2024

Anat Histol Embryol

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Joint effusion is diagnostically important. The canine carpal joint effusion, which is sometimes difficult to detect clinically, has received less attention in diagnostic ultrasound (US) studies. The aim of the present study was to provide a description of the morphological appearance of the canine carpal joint cavities and recesses using US, radiography, helical computed tomography (CT) and three‐dimensional volume rendering technique (3D‐VRT) images and to prove the applicability of musculoskeletal US for the detection of artificial carpal joint effusion in dogs. The understanding of the characteristics of these structures in normal patients is essential in the diagnosis. Twenty‐eight clinically and radiologically unremarkable canine carpal cadavers of different breeds were examined, representative images were selected and anatomical structures were labelled. The canine carpal joint cavities and in particular its recesses had a complex appearance with a basic structure found in all dogs: Antebrachiocarpal joint: dorsoproximal antebrachiocarpal recess, dorsodistal antebrachiocarpal recess, medial antebrachiocarpal recess, lateral antebrachiocarpal recess and five palmar antebrachiocarpal recesses. Middle carpal joint: two dorsal middle carpal recesses, medial common middle carpal and carpometacarpal recess, lateral common middle carpal and carpometacarpal recess, four palmar middle carpal recesses. The carpometacarpal joint had dorsal and palmar funnel‐shaped and irregular, finely tubular extensions, the most prominent ran dorsal to metacarpal III, the maximum distal end represented the proximal metacarpal diaphysis. All recesses presented ultrasonographically as a generalized anechogenic to hypoechoic filled continuation of the articular capsule with an indistinct peripheral hypoechogenic to isoechogenic fine capsule, the synovial‐connective tissue interface was difficult to identify. The novel results of this study provide the first morphological description of the ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomographic arthrographic appearance of the canine carpal joint cavities and recesses with different injection volumes. The canine carpal joint cavities and in particular its recesses had a complex appearance with a basic structure found in all dogs. The applicability of musculoskeletal US to visualize an artificial carpal effusion has been demonstrated. The results of this study, and in particular US, give the practitioner an advantage in visualizing joint effusion and assist in the decision to perform arthrocentesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthrographic description of the canine carpal joint cavities and its recesses

Klußmann,

Meyer‐Lindenberg,

Brühschwein

2024

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Recently, another article describing the ultrasonographic appearance of the main carpal tendons has been published 14 providing valuable information that improves the ultrasonographic assessment of the carpus. However, as it was based in prior anatomical available descriptions of this area 15 it contains inaccuracies regarding the palmar carpal anatomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some anatomical descriptions were inaccurate in that it considered the carpal canal as the space deep to the superficial part of the retinaculum flexorum , containing both the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles. Recently, another article describing the ultrasonographic appearance of the main carpal tendons has been published 14 providing valuable information that improves the ultrasonographic assessment of the carpus. However, as it was based in prior anatomical available descriptions of this area 15 it contains inaccuracies regarding the palmar carpal anatomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the left corner below the longitudinal ultrasonographic images a scheme represents the position of the probe. B-mode ultrasound was performed using a linear transducer(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).Black arrow: the fibrocartilaginous tunnel; FDS: flexor digitorum superficialis muscle; FDP: flexor digitorum profundus muscle; IRB: intermedioradial carpal bone; IIMCB: second metacarpal bone. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic anatomy of the palmar region of the carpus of the dog

González-Rellán¹,

Fdz-de-Trocóniz²,

Barreiro-Lois³

2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The palmar region of the canine carpus may be injured by traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and degenerative disorders. The normal ultrasonographic anatomic features of the dorsal region of the canine carpus have been published, however information regarding the palmar region is currently lacking. The aims of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study were (1) to describe the normal ultrasonographic characteristics of the palmar carpal structures in medium to large‐breed dogs, and (2) to establish a standardized ultrasonographic protocol for evaluating them. As in the previously published study, the current study consisted of two phases: (1) identification phase, in which the palmar structures of the carpus were identified ultrasonographically in fifty‐four cadaveric specimens and an ultrasonographic protocol to examine them was developed; and (2) descriptive phase, in which the ultrasonographic characteristics of the main palmar structures in twenty‐five carpi of thirteen living healthy adult dogs were documented. The tendons of the flexor muscles of the carpus and digits, the superficial and deep parts of the retinaculum flexorum, the carpal canal and the median and ulnar neurovascular structures were ultrasonographically identified and described. Findings from the current study can serve as a reference for evaluating dogs with suspected injury involving the palmar carpal region using ultrasonography.

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“…In dogs, it is employed to assess other musculoskeletal regions, 11 but little information is available about the carpus and its ultrasonographic examinationhas been considered a challenge 1 . Although there is a reported abstract about the ultrasonographic evaluation of the carpus of Border Collies, 16 based on the authors’ review of the literature, a detailed ultrasonographic anatomy of the canine dorsal carpal structures has not been published. The purposes of this study were to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the dorsal structures of the carpus in medium to large breed dogs, and to establish a protocol to systematically approach this complex anatomical region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the dorsal region of the carpus of the dog

González-Rellán

Fdz-de-Trocóniz

Barreiro

2021

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The dorsal region of the canine carpus is anatomically complex and its normal ultrasonographic characteristics have not been published. The aims of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study were (a) to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the dorsal carpal structures in medium to large breed dogs, and (b) to describe a standardized protocol for evaluations. The final study, based on the methodology developed in a pilot study performed in twenty-two carpi, comprised two phases: (a) identification phase, in which a correlation between ultrasound and dissection and anatomic slices was performed in forty-eight cadaver carpi and the ultrasonographic protocol was developed; and (b) descriptive phase, in which the ultrasonographic characteristics of the examined structures in 23 carpi of 12 alive adult and healthy dogs were recorded. The tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor muscles of the carpus and digits, the dorsal ligaments of the carpus -including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments -the extensor retinaculum, a distal radioulnar fibrocartilage and the regional osseous surfaces were ultrasonographically identified and described.Findings from the current study can be used as a reference for ultrasonographic examinations in dogs with injuries or other diseases affecting the dorsal region of the carpus.

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High-Resolution Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Carpal Tendons of Sporting Border Collies

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Arthrographic description of the canine carpal joint cavities and its recesses

Arthrographic description of the canine carpal joint cavities and its recesses

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the palmar region of the carpus of the dog

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the dorsal region of the carpus of the dog

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