High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging of Human Skin In Vivo by Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Microscopy

Kumagai, Kazutoshi; Koike, Hideyuki; Nagaoka, Ryo; Sakai, Shingo; Kobayashi, Kazuto; Saijo, Yoshifumi

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.05.012

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…4 mm × 3 mm frames were affixed to the skin samples to identify the measurement points. Ultrasound images were obtained using three‐dimensional ultrasound microscopy over an area of 4.8 mm × 4.8 mm, 1.5 mm deep as described previously . In brief, an electric impulse with a 40 ns pulse width and a 40 V pulse voltage was generated by a pulse generator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained radio‐frequency signal of each scanning line was converted into a B‐mode image. This high‐frequency three‐dimensional ultrasound microscopy at 120 MHz allows for non‐invasive visualization of the skin structure with a spatial resolution of 20 μm . Moreover, consecutive B‐mode images allow three‐dimensional analysis of the skin appendages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, skin appendages such as sebaceous glands were not clearly detected. Since resolution is improved in inverse proportion to frequency, new ultrasound microscopy techniques using transducers with a central frequency of 100 or 120 MHz were reported to be able to visualize hair follicles and sebaceous glands as low signal intensity regions . However, consistency between non‐invasive analysis by high‐frequency ultrasound at 120 MHz and histological analysis has not been proven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since resolution is improved in inverse proportion to frequency, new ultrasound microscopy techniques using transducers with a central frequency of 100 or 120 MHz were reported to be able to visualize hair follicles and sebaceous glands as low signal intensity regions. 33,34 However, consistency between non-invasive analysis by high-frequency ultrasound at 120 MHz and histological analysis has not been proven. In this study, ultrasound images obtained from a high-frequency three-dimensional ultrasound microscope were compared to skin sections in order to determine what structures would refract a weak echo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender‐ and age‐related differences in facial sebaceous glands in Asian skin, as observed by non‐invasive analysis using three‐dimensional ultrasound microscopy

Sugawara

Nakagawa

Shimizu

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Background While determining sebaceous gland morphology is useful in the treatment of skin disorders such as acne, a non‐invasive assessment method has not been developed. Since age and gender affect sebum level, differences in sebaceous gland morphology according to these factors were investigated. Methods Facial skin was measured using a high‐frequency three‐dimensional ultrasound microscope. First, the ultrasound images were compared with skin sections. Next, we assessed sebaceous gland morphology. Images of sebaceous gland in the cheeks of young male, young female and elderly female subjects were obtained using ultrasound microscopy, and en face images were processed to measure the sebaceous gland area. Results In the ultrasound images, sebaceous glands and also thin collagen fibers, which surrounded the glands, could be detected as low‐intensity regions. We called them sebaceous units. In young male subjects, the sebaceous unit areas 900‐μm beneath the skin surface were larger than those at 700 μm. In contrast, depth‐dependent differences in sebaceous unit area were not observed in young female subjects, indicating that males had cauliflower‐shaped sebaceous glands while young females had somewhat more cylindrical and smaller sebaceous glands than the young males. Regarding age, the areas of sebaceous units at 900 μm were diminished and the depth of maximum area was shallower in elderly female subjects compared to young female subjects. Hence, sebaceous glands are considered to shrink with age. Conclusion Differences in facial sebaceous unit morphology between genders as well as by age groups could be observed using high‐frequency ultrasound microscopy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender‐ and age‐related differences in facial sebaceous glands in Asian skin, as observed by non‐invasive analysis using three‐dimensional ultrasound microscopy

Sugawara

Nakagawa

Shimizu

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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“…With such frequencies, skin structures up to 8 mm deep can be investigated (Hoffmann et al 1992). In order to improve the resolution of the ultrasonographic images of the skin, higher frequency ultrasound machines have been developed for experimental use (El Gammal et al 1999;Kumagai et al 2012). They allow visualization of structures to a depth of 2mm bellow the skin surface.…”

Section: High Frequency Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic examination of the canine skin: a review

Mantis

Saridomichelakis

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Real time B-mode ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality that does not use radiation and allows examination of various soft tissue structures. For many years it is used in human dermatology and in the last decade it has entered the canine dermatology arena. Based on the frequency employed, cutaneous ultrasonography may be classified as intermediate-(7-15 MHz) or high-frequency (20 MHz or higher). Using intermediate frequency, the ultrasonographic features of normal canine skin are consistent and three distinct visible layers can be seen. Using a 50 MHz transducer, the epidermis and hair follicles are also identified and accurate measurements of skin thickness can be obtained. The aim of this article is to review the available published knowledge regarding ultrasonographic examination of the canine skin.

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