“…Gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) (e.g., SnO 2 [7,8], In 2 O 3 [9,10], ZnO [11,12], and NiO [13,14]) have attracted great attention for volatile organic compounds detection due to their easy fabrication, simple operation, cost-effectiveness, and real-time monitoring [15]. Among them, In 2 O 3 is a significant n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap (3.55-3.75 eV) [16], and high electrical conductivity and stability (thermal and chemical), which has been proven to be an ideal material for gas sensing [17].…”