High risk pregnant mare

Troedsson, Mats H.T.

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-49-s1-s9

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Just 39% of mares showed clinical sings during gestation, demonstrated severe inflammatory infiltrate in histologic evaluation (7/18, Table 3). This fact corroborates the results of the Murchie et al (2003) and Troedsson (2007) which suggested that treatment with a combination of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and progesterone can positively affect the outcome of a pregnancy, allowing the delivery of healthy foals by mares that suffered placentitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Histological features of the placenta and their relation to the gross and data from Thoroughbred mares

Pazinato

Curcio

Fernandes³

et al. 2016

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Achados histológicos da placenta e sua relação com seus aspectos macroscópicas e dados de éguas Puro Sangue Inglês.] A placenta é um órgão transitório originado do tecido fetal e materno, com função de transportar nutrientes da mãe para o feto. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os achados histológicos das placentas de éguas Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) a termo e avaliar sua relação com a macroscopia da placenta e dados dessas éguas. O estudo utilizou 188 éguas PSI. Foram realizadas observações clinicas diárias para presença de sinais clínicos de placentite e ultrassonografia mensal para avaliar saúde do feto e placenta. As éguas que apresentaram sinais clínicos de placentite durante a gestação foram tratadas. Os partos foram assistidos, as placentas avaliadas macroscopicamente e coletadas imediatamente após sua expulsão. Como dados das éguas foram considerados: idade, tempo de gestação, número de partos, tempo de eliminação da placenta, comprimento de cordão umbilical, peso da placenta e sinais clínicos de placentite. A avaliação histológica das placentas demonstrou extensiva vacuolização citoplasmática das cé-lulas do epitélio coriônico das regiões areolares, presença de infiltrados inflamatórios e hipoplasia-atrofia de microcotilédones. A maior parte dos achados macroscópicos da placenta foram condizentes com os resultados de histolo- The placenta is a transitory organ that originates from maternal and fetal tissues, the function of which is transporting nutrients from the mother to the fetus. The aim of this study was describe the histological features of placentas in healthy Thoroughbred mares at foaling and evaluate their relation with the gross placental and data of these mares. For this study 188 Thoroughbred mares were used. It was performed clinical observation for signs of placentitis during daily health checks and ultrasonic examination monthly to assess the fetus and placenta. All of the mares that exhibited clinical signs of placentitis were treated during gestation. The parturition was assisted, the placentas were grossly evaluated and samples were collected immediately after expulsion. The following data were considered for each mare: age, gestational age, number of parturition, time for placental expulsion, umbilical-cord length, placental weight and clinical signs of placentitis. Histological evaluation of the placentas revealed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization of the epithelial areolar cells, presence of inflammatory infiltrates and hypoplasia-atrophy of the microcotyledons. Most of the gross placental findings were consistent with the histological results. In conclusion the mares with a vacuolated placental chorionic epithelium were older and had experienced a larger number of births. Great part of the mares with inflammatory infiltrates did not showed any clinical signs of placentitis during gestation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Histological features of the placenta and their relation to the gross and data from Thoroughbred mares

Pazinato

Curcio

Fernandes³

et al. 2016

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…A ultrassonografia transabdominal e transretal permite a visualização de anormalidades da placenta, do fluído uterino, do cordão umbilical e do feto em éguas com gestações que apresentam alterações (TROEDSSON, 2007). Estes exames podem mostrar um aumento da espessura da junção útero-placentária (JUP), edema do alantocórion e descolamento prematuro da placenta (ZENT:PANTALEON, 2008).…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

“…Para o exame ultrassonográfico transabdominal faz-se a divisão da placenta em quatro quadrantes: direito-cranial, direito-caudal, esquerdo-cranial e esquerdo-caudal. Utilizando essa técnica é sugerido que éguas com gestações normais devem ter uma JUP de no mínimo 7,1 ± 1,6mm, e no máximo 11,5 ± 2,4mm (TROEDSSON, 2007). Em um estudo subsequente (TROEDSSON, 2007), observou-se que éguas com a espessura da JUP aumentada geralmente produzem potros anormais.…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

“…Utilizando essa técnica é sugerido que éguas com gestações normais devem ter uma JUP de no mínimo 7,1 ± 1,6mm, e no máximo 11,5 ± 2,4mm (TROEDSSON, 2007). Em um estudo subsequente (TROEDSSON, 2007), observou-se que éguas com a espessura da JUP aumentada geralmente produzem potros anormais. Uma JUP superior a 17,5 mm é compatível com placentite.…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

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Placentitis in Mares: A Review

et al. 2018

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A placentite é uma das principais causas de abortamentos, natimortos, perda perinatal e dificuldade em conceber na temporada reprodutiva subsequente. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os aspectos relacionados com a etiologia, sinais clínicos, métodos diagnósticos e tratamento da placentite em éguas. A placenta equina é fixada ao endométrio através de microcotilédones, com exceção da estrela cervical, sendo esta a região mais afetada pela afecção. Os principais agentes etiológicos da placentite são as bactérias, seguidas dos fungos, vírus e protozoários. A incompetência das barreiras anatômicas é o principal fator predisponente para a contaminação uterina. Os principais sinais clínicos são lactação precoce, corrimento vaginal, morte fetal e abortamento. Uma das formas de diagnostico é feita através da ultrassonografia, avaliando a placenta, fluido uterino e o concepto. Não há tratamento definido, mas o objetivo é combater a infecção, reduzir a inflamação e controlar a atividade do miométrio. O prognóstico tanto para a égua quanto para o potro é variável, dependendo do tempo de gestação, grau de infecção e eficácia do tratamento. É importante monitorar o terço final de gestação das éguas, favorecendo o diagnóstico precoce para obter sucesso com o tratamento e nascimento de um potro saudável.Palavras-chave: Equinos. Abortamento. Morte embrionária. Dismaturo. PLACENTITIS IN MARES: A REVIEW SUMARY:Placentitis is one of the main causes of abortion, stillbirth, perinatal loss and difficulty in conceiving in the subsequent reproductive season. The objective of this work is to review aspects related to etiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and treatment of placentitis in mares. The equine placenta is attached to the endometrium through micro-cotyledons, with the exception of the cervical star, and the region is most affected by the condition. The main etiological agent of placentitis is bacteria, followed by fungi, viruses and protozoa. The uterine contamination due to failure of the anatomic barriers is the fundamental predisposing factor. The main clinical signs are early lactation, vaginal discharge, fetal death and miscarriage. One of the forms of diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, evaluating the placenta, uterine fluid and the concept. There is no definite treatment, but the goal is to combat infection, reduce inflammation and control myometrial activity. The prognosis for both mare and foal is variable, depending on the time of gestation, degree of infection and efficacy of the treatment. It is important to monitor the final third of gestation of the mares, favoring the early diagnosis to be successful with the treatment and birth of a healthy foal.

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“…Mares with clinical signs of placentitis and mares exhibiting signs of fescue toxicosis had suppressed plasma relaxin concentrations. Furthermore, sensitivity assays can be improved when combined with evidence of placental thickening as detected using transrectal ultrasonography [112].…”

Section: Placentitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Loss in Mares

Satué¹,

Gardón²

2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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The reasons concerning losses during the first months of pregnancy has special importance in equine reproduction. Most of these losses occur early in pregnancy and around 15-20% of mares that conceive will lose the embryo before day 50. Early pregnancy loss is generally characterized by the sudden disappearance of the embryonic vesicle and is due to different reasons. Several etiologies factors involving both the mother and the embryo as, inflammatory and non-inflammatory endometrial disease, progesterone insufficiency, maternal age, lactation, site of intrauterine fixation of the embryonic vesicle, stress, plane of nutrition, season or climate, chromosome abnormalities or oocyte quality are some of the factor listed. Abortion occurs from the first month of pregnancy to full term and may be have an infectious or not origin. Causes of abortion include viral or bacterial infections, ingestion of mycotoxins, stress, gene mutations, Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, lack of sufficient nutrients and umbilical cord abnormalities. Some mares will show signs of impending abortion but other mares will abort without warning. Premature labor, discomfort, unusual activity or having a vulvar discharge of the mare require immediate attention. Pregnancy failure in mares represents a serious economic damages, expectations, and potential genetic improvement. Therefore is absolutely important that all losses are assessed for giving an appropriate treatment, and for preventing current and future losses.

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High risk pregnant mare

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Histological features of the placenta and their relation to the gross and data from Thoroughbred mares

Histological features of the placenta and their relation to the gross and data from Thoroughbred mares

Placentitis in Mares: A Review

Pregnancy Loss in Mares

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