High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Los Angeles: Who Receives Testing for HIV?

Miller, Loren G.; Simon, Paul; Miller, Mark E.; Long, Anna M.; Yu, Emily I.; Asch, Steven M.

doi:10.1097/00042560-199912150-00010

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…HIV testing was more common among sexual minorities in our study, a pattern that has been noted among sexual minority men in other probability samples. 26,27 Bisexuals in our study were more likely than were heterosexuals to report 30-day tension or worry, sadness, and illegal drug use; current smoking; and prior-year suicidal ideation. Binge drinking was more common among bisexual women than among heterosexual women, and gay/lesbian respondents were more likely to report 30-day tension or worry and drug use, current smoking, and former smoking than were heterosexuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

A Population-Based Study of Sexual Orientation Identity and Gender Differences in Adult Health

Conron

Mimiaga²,

Landers³

2010

Am J Public Health

779

631

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

A Population-Based Study of Sexual Orientation Identity and Gender Differences in Adult Health

Conron

Mimiaga²,

Landers³

2010

Am J Public Health

779

631

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“…However, day laborers who engaged in high risk behaviors, such as having sex with both men and women, were not found to be more likely to self-report HIV testing in the past 12 months. This finding contrasts with studies on other populations that have found that men who have sex with men (MSM) are more likely than heterosexual men to receive HIV testing 32–33. In addition, while a previous study reports relatively high rates of HIV testing among MSM, that study included only men who self-identified as gay or bisexual 34.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Self-Reported HIV Antibody Testing Among Latino Urban Day Laborers

Solorio

Galván

2009

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Objective To identify the characteristics of male Latino urban day laborers who self-report having tested for HIV. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 356 Latino day laborers, aged 18 to 40 years, who had been sexually active in the previous 12 months, from six day labor sites in the City of Los Angeles. Results Most of the men were single, mainly from Mexico and Guatemala, and had been employed as a day laborer less than 3 years; 38% had an annual income of $4,000 or less. Ninety-two percent of the men reported having sex with women only and 8% reported a history of having sex with men and women. Forty-six percent had received an HIV test in the previous 12 months and one person tested positive. In univariate logistic regression analyses, day laborers who were 26 years of age or older, had more than 3 years in the United States, had more than 1 year but less than 5 years employed as a day laborer and had annual incomes greater than $4,000 were significantly more likely to self-report HIV testing in the previous 12 months. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, only higher annual income was found to be significantly associated with self-reported HIV testing. Discussion Interventions that target lower income Latino day laborers are needed to promote early HIV detection. HIV detection offers individual benefits through treatment, with decreased morbidity and mortality, as well as public health benefits through decreased rates of HIV transmission in the community.

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“…By 1998, HIV/AIDS was understood to be an imminent health threat to African Americans, perhaps increasing motivations to reduce HIV risk in this population. Both national and local studies have found evidence that compared to whites, African Americans are more likely to be tested for HIV [25][26][27][28] and are more likely to use condoms in steady sex partnerships. 29 In addition, the higher HIV prevalence among African American IDUs and in African American neighborhoods documented in earlier studies in these communities 10,30-32 likely contributed to the lower risk behaviors observed here, as IDUs who discover they are HIV infected typically reduce HIV risk behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Characteristics Associated with HIV Risk among Injection Drug Users in the San Francisco Bay Area: A Multilevel Analysis

et al. 2007

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Community characteristics have been associated with racial and ethnic health disparities for a wide range of ailments and conditions. Previous research has found that rates of AIDS cases among injection drug users (IDUs) vary by community characteristics. However, few studies have examined whether community characteristics are associated with HIV risk behaviors among IDUs. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the associations between census-tract-level community characteristics and injection-related and sex-related HIV risk behaviors among IDUs in the San Francisco Bay Area. Individual HIV risk behaviors were collected from 4,956 IDUs between 1998 and 2002. Using 2000 US census data, we constructed four census-level community measures: percent African American, percent male unemployment, percent of households that receive public assistance, and median household income. All community variables were measured continuously. Multilevel modeling was used to determine if community characteristics were associated with recent (in the last 6 months) receptive and distributive syringe sharing, multiple sex partners, and unprotected sex risk while controlling for potential individual-level confounders. In bivariate analysis, most of the census-tract-level community characteristics were significantly associated with injection-related HIV risk, while no community characteristics were associated with sex-related risk. However, results from multivariate multilevel models indicate that only percent African American in a census tract was associated with receptive [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89, 0.99] and distributive syringe sharing (AOR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.92, 0.99), net of individual-level characteristics. Accounting for individual-level factors in the multivariate model in the sex-related risk models revealed a significant inverse relationship between percent African American and propensity to engage in unprotected sex (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92, 0.99); community-level characteristics remained unassociated with multiple sex partners. In this exploratory analysis, percent African American in a census tract was inversely associated with injection-related risk. The census-tract-level community characteristics we examined seem to exert little influence on individual risk among long-term chronic IDUs. More research is needed examining the influence of other community characteristics that were unmeasured in this paper but might be related to sex and drug risk among IDUs such as shooting galleries, crack houses, drug markets, and availability of preventive HIV services.

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High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Los Angeles: Who Receives Testing for HIV?

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

A Population-Based Study of Sexual Orientation Identity and Gender Differences in Adult Health

A Population-Based Study of Sexual Orientation Identity and Gender Differences in Adult Health

Self-Reported HIV Antibody Testing Among Latino Urban Day Laborers

Community Characteristics Associated with HIV Risk among Injection Drug Users in the San Francisco Bay Area: A Multilevel Analysis

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