High-Risk Travel Abroad Overtook Low-Risk Travel from 1999 to 2004: Characterization and Trends in 2,622 Spanish Travelers

Valerio, Lluís; Martinez, O Pascual; Sabrià, Miquel; Estève, M.; Urbiztondo, L.; Roca, Carme

doi:10.2310/7060.2005.12605

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In 2008, 46.4% of travellers who were consulted at a travel clinic in Paris had a destination to Asia and 39.5% of travellers to Africa. 7 South America was the main destination of travellers in a study in Spain, 15 whereas Thailand was the main destination in a study in Sweden 16 and India was the main destination in a study in the U.S. 14 Vaccination coverage against tetanus and diphtheria in the travellers in Marseille was similar to that of other surveys, 14 whereas the vaccination coverage against hepatitis B was lower. 14,17,18 This low vaccination rate against hepatitis B reflects the well- known reluctance of the French population towards the hepatitis B vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…14e18 In our survey, >30% of travellers were business travellers or VFRs, whereas these categories accounted for 11.2%e36.1% in other studies. 7,14,15,17 The travellers who were seen in Marseille was characterised by the predominance of travel destinations to Sub-Saharan Africa, which may reflect the past colonial history of France and subsequent migration waves, notably in South France. In 2008, 46.4% of travellers who were consulted at a travel clinic in Paris had a destination to Asia and 39.5% of travellers to Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demographics, health and travel characteristics of international travellers at a pre-travel clinic in Marseille, France

Aubry

Gaudart

Gaillard

et al. 2012

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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With the aim to identify at-risk individuals among a cohort of international travellers, 3442 individuals who sought advice at Marseille travel health centre in 2009 were prospectively included. Demographics, travel characteristics, chronic medical conditions, vaccinations and antimalarial chemoprophylaxis were documented. Chronic medical conditions were reported by 11% of individuals, including hypertension (39%), asthma (20%), thyroid disease (15%) and depression (13%). 4% reported taking a daily medication, and psychotropic and cardiovascular medications were the most commonly used. Older travellers (≥60 years) accounted for 10% of the travellers and the prevalence of chronic medical conditions was 27% in this group. Individuals aged 15 years or less accounted for 13% of the travellers. Age, last minute travel (17%) and neurological and psychiatric diseases were the most frequent factors that influenced Yellow fever vaccination and malaria chemoprophylaxis, with more than one tenth of the travellers reporting at least one risk factor for which adjusted advice may be necessary. Migrants visiting their relatives in their origin country accounted for 14% of travellers and 73% of this group travelled with their family including young children. We demonstrate that a significant proportion of travellers are at-risk (43%) because of their travel conditions (VFR), their age, or their health status, and should be targeted for risk reduction strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographics, health and travel characteristics of international travellers at a pre-travel clinic in Marseille, France

Aubry

Gaudart

Gaillard

et al. 2012

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…Travelers from Qatar are at increased risk of contracting travel-associated illness because of their destinations which are considered endemic areas for malaria, yellow fever, and other infectious diseases. 8,9 Tanzania (including Zanzibar) with 46 travelers (16.5%) followed by Kenya with 42 travelers (15.1%) were the most common destinations among the travelers in this study (one third of the total travelers from Qatar in the study period). Other top destinations were Saudi Arabia with 36 travelers (12.9%), South Africa with 22 travelers (7.9%), Sri Lanka with 19 travelers (6.8%), Malaysia with 15 travelers (5.4%), Uganda with 13 travelers (4.7%), India with 12 travelers (4.3%), Australia with 11 travelers (3.9%), and Brazil with 9 travelers (3.2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…South America was the main destination of travelers in a study from Spain, 8 whereas Thailand was the main destination in a study from Sweden, 10 and India was the main destination in a study from the United States. 11 Similar to the current research, travel destinations in sub-Saharan Africa were predominant in a study conducted in France.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Similar to other international studies, the findings of the current study showed that the mean age of travelers was 30.8 years, and most of the travelers were tourists. 8,12 The second most common cause for travel is religious/pilgrimage (36 travelers; 12.9%), followed by business (34 travelers; 12.2%), VFRs with 30 travelers (10.7%), study purposes (17 travelers; 7.1%), and other reasons (6 travelers; 1.8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment and Travelers Characteristics: 6-Month Travel Clinic Experience From Qatar

Abukhattab

Almaslamani²,

Al-Khal

2018

Int J Travel Med Glob Health

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Introduction: The number of international travelers is increasing, yet currently, there is no data on risk assessment and travelers’ characteristics from Qatar. To identify and minimize the risks associated with travel, a detailed knowledge of travelers’ characteristics is needed. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a travel clinic in the Communicable Disease Center, Qatar. All patients seen in the clinic from February 2017 to August 2017 were included. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Results: A total of 279 travelers were included in this study. The top 2 most visited countries were Tanzania and Kenya. Tourism (57.3%) was the number one purpose for travel, while travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) accounted for 10.7% of travel. Among the study population, 21% of participants had pre-existing medical conditions with hypertension and diabetes as the most common comorbidities. Mean travel duration was 46.5 days (range = 3 to 90 days). Vaccinations were required by 97% of the study population with the most commonly prescribed vaccines being the typhoid (69%), Tdap (62%), hepatitis A (55%), flu (49.3%), and yellow fever (39%) vaccines. Conclusion: Travelers from Qatar tend to visit high-risk destinations; the lack of proper travel medicine services and awareness among travelers may increase the risk of illness, especially in Qatar where a large number of expatriates reside and travel frequently to and from their home countries (VFRs).

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Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas

Tickell-Painter

Maayan²,

Saunders

et al. 2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundMefloquine is one of four antimalarial agents commonly recommended for preventing malaria in travellers to malaria-endemic areas. Despite its high efficacy, there is controversy about its psychological side effects.ObjectivesTo summarize the efficacy and safety of mefloquine used as prophylaxis for malaria in travellers.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), published on the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; Embase (OVID); TOXLINE (https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/toxline.htm); and LILACS. We also searched the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/) and ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home) for trials in progress, using 'mefloquine', 'Lariam', and 'malaria' as search terms. The search date was 22 June 2017.Selection criteriaWe included randomized controlled trials (for efficacy and safety) and non-randomized cohort studies (for safety). We compared prophylactic mefloquine with placebo, no treatment, or an alternative recommended antimalarial agent. Our study populations included all adults and children, including pregnant women.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, extracted and analysed data. We compared dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Prespecified adverse outcomes are included in 'Summary of findings' tables, with the best available estimate of the absolute frequency of each outcome in short-term international travellers. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.Main resultsWe included 20 RCTs (11,470 participants); 35 cohort studies (198,493 participants); and four large retrospective analyses of health records (800,652 participants). Nine RCTs explicitly excluded participants with a psychiatric history, and 25 cohort studies stated that the choice of antimalarial agent was based on medical history and personal preference. Most RCTs and cohort studies collected data on self-reported or clinician-assessed symptoms, rather than formal medical diagnoses.Mefloquine efficacyOf 12 trials comparing mefloquine and placebo, none were performed in short-term international travellers, and most populations had a degree of immunity to malaria. The percentage of people developing a malaria episode in the control arm varied from 1% to 82% (median 22%) and 0% to 13% in the mefloquine group (median 1%).In four RCTs that directly compared mefloquine, atovaquone-proguanil and doxycycline in non-immune, short-term international travellers, only one clinical case of malaria occurred (4 trials, 1822 participants).Mefloquine safety versus atovaquone-proguanilParticipants receiving mefloquine were more likely to discontinue their medication due to adverse effects than atovaquone-proguanil users (RR 2.86, 95% CI 1.53 to 5.31; 3 RCTs, 1438 participants; high-certainty evidence)....

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High-Risk Travel Abroad Overtook Low-Risk Travel from 1999 to 2004: Characterization and Trends in 2,622 Spanish Travelers

Abstract: Given the increasing number of travelers undertaking high-risk travels abroad, any kind of reinforcement of travel medicine provision in Spain should be considered essential. General practitioners could attend to a significant proportion of low-risk travelers.

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Demographics, health and travel characteristics of international travellers at a pre-travel clinic in Marseille, France

Demographics, health and travel characteristics of international travellers at a pre-travel clinic in Marseille, France

Risk Assessment and Travelers Characteristics: 6-Month Travel Clinic Experience From Qatar

Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas

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