High Salinity Relaying to Reduce Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in Chesapeake Bay Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Parveen, Salina; Jahncke, Michael L.; Elmahdi, Sara; Crocker, Helen; Bowers, John C.; White, Chanelle; Gray, Stuart R.; Morris, Amanda C.; Brohawn, Kathy

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13584

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our study showed no significant differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus isolated from the oysters before and during the relaying in both sites. This suggests that the salinity of the relaying sites did not impact the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the Vibrio isolates, although it reduced the overall concentration of these bacteria in oysters (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At each selected time interval (days 0, 7, 14, and 21), 3 composites were collected from each relaying site. Collected oysters were analyzed for presumptive V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, and abundances were determined using the alkaline peptone water (APW) 3-tube MPN series (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inoculated plates were incubated at 35°C for TCBS and at 39°C for mCPC. Three to five positive colonies were picked from each MPN dilution (10 Ϫ1 to 10 Ϫ6 ) and frozen for further examination (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods were more effective in reducing V. vulnificus than V. parahaemolyticus. Oyster mortality rates averaged 4% or less and did not exceed 7% (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It has been reported that salinity can affect the growth and survival of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic environments (26,27). Whitaker et al (28) investigated the growth of V. parahaemolyticus at different salt concentrations and observed that salt can affect its response to pH and temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Recovered from Oysters during an Oyster Relay Study

Elmahdi

Parveen

Ossai

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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and are naturally occurring estuarine bacteria and are the leading causes of seafood-associated infections and mortality in the United States. Though multiple-antibiotic-resistant and strains have been reported, resistance patterns in vibrios are not as well documented as those of other foodborne bacterial pathogens. Salinity relaying (SR) is a postharvest processing (PHP) treatment to reduce the abundances of these pathogens in shellfish harvested during the warmer months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS), pathogenicity, and genetic profiles of and recovered from oysters during an oyster relay study. Isolates ( [ = 296] and [ = 94]) were recovered from oysters before and during the 21-day relaying study to detect virulence genes ( and ) and genes correlated with virulence () using multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR). AMS to 20 different antibiotics was investigated using microbroth dilution, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to study the genetic profiles of the isolates. Twenty percent of isolates were, while 1 and 2% of were and , respectively. More than 77% of the isolates and 30% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Forty-eight percent of and 8% of isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. All isolates demonstrated a high genetic diversity, even among those isolated from the same site and having a similar AMS profile. No significant effects of the relaying process on AMS, virulence genes, or PFGE profiles of and were observed. Analysis of the antibiotic resistance profiles of and isolated from oysters during this study indicated that more than 48% of isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, including those recommended by the CDC for treating infections. Also, the isolates showed high MICs for some of the infection treatment antibiotics. Monitoring of AMS profiles of this bacterium is important to ensure optimal treatment of infections and improve food safety. Our study showed no significant differences in the AMS profiles of ( = 0.26) and ( = 0.23) isolated from the oysters collected before versus after relaying. This suggests that the salinity of the relaying sites did not affect the AMS profiles of the isolates, although it did reduce the numbers of these bacteria in oysters (S. Parveen et al., J Food Sci 82:484-491, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13584).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods were more effective in reducing V. vulnificus than V. parahaemolyticus. Oyster mortality rates averaged 4% or less and did not exceed 7% (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Recovered from Oysters during an Oyster Relay Study

Elmahdi

Parveen

Ossai

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from mollusks in Brazil and the United States

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to determine the serogroups, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from samples of bivalve mollusks collected along Santa Catarina coast, Brazil, and from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. One hundred forty‐one E. coli isolates were characterized for serogroups with 181 specific O antisera and antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. The genetic diversity was assessed using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed that among the isolates, 19.9% were classified as multi‐drug resistant (MDR) and resistance was most frequently observed to cephalothin, nitrofurantoin, and ampicillin. The predominant serogroups were O6, O8, and O38. Some serogroups were recognized as pathogenic E. coli . PFGE dendrograms indicated extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. Although characteristics of the E. coli isolates were highly variable, it is important to note that E. coli belonging to pathogenic serogroups and MDR isolates are present in mollusks of both study areas. This is the first report on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of E. coli from mollusks from Santa Catarina and the Chesapeake Bay that should encourage studies focusing on comparison of isolates across countries.

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Effect of ploidy level on accumulation and depuration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

et al. 2023

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High Salinity Relaying to Reduce Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in Chesapeake Bay Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Recovered from Oysters during an Oyster Relay Study

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Recovered from Oysters during an Oyster Relay Study

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from mollusks in Brazil and the United States

Effect of ploidy level on accumulation and depuration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

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