High School Clubs Participation and Future Supervisory Status

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between high school clubs participation and the probability that a worker will become a supervisor and the types of responsibility she will have, using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 dataset. While other articles have tried to explain what affects a worker's probability of being a supervisor, this article focuses on the impact of participation in extracurricular activities during high school. Both probit and household fixed effects estimates show that clubs participation raises the probability that an individual will be a supervisor and have high-level supervisory responsibilities.

Childhood Sporting Activities and Adult Labour-Market Outcomes

“…The correlation is positive, significant and large, with wages found to be 6 to 10% higher. Previous work in Kosteas [2011] using the same data reveals that those involved in more than one club during high school have a significantly higher probability of being a supervisor on the labour-market, although there is no evidence that sports clubs in particular are significantly linked to supervisory jobs. Stevenson [2010] appeals to Title IX legislation (which concerned women’s access to High School sport in the US) to measure the impact of sport participation on female college attendance and labour-force participation.…”

“…This method was developed and applied by Ashenfelter and Zimmerman [1997]; Bronars and Oettinger [2006], Kosteas [2011] and more recently Lundborg, Nilsson, and Rooth [2014]. The sibling regressions (which do not include race or school fixed effects, for obvious reasons) are estimated using the following specification: $$\mathrm{\Delta }\text{Labour}\text{market}{\text{outcomes}}_{p,W4}=f(\mathrm{\Delta }{\mathrm{italicsport}}_{p,W1},\mathrm{\Delta }{X}_{p,W1}^{\ast },\mathrm{\Delta }{Z}_{p,W4}^{\ast })$$…”

“…Two recent examples are Frijters, Johnston, and M. Shields [2014] and Layard et al [2014]. At the same time, there is by now a fairly-wide range of research highlighting that those who practise, or have practised, sport do better on many levels in their lives: the results here refer to educational outcomes Felfe, Lechner, and Steinmayr [2011]; Long and Caudill [1991]; Pfeifer and Cornelissen [2010]; Rees and Sabia [2010], the labour market Barron, Ewing, and Waddell [2000]; Ewing [1998]; Kosteas [2011; 2012]; Lechner [2009]; Long and Caudill [1991]; Rooth [2011] and health. 1 …”

Employment Disruptions and Supervisors

“…Broder (1993) does not find that female economists are less likely to be promoted to a higher rank, but that they are much less likely to work in a Ph.D. granting institution. Cobb-Clark (2001) finds for younger workers being a woman is associated with a nearly six percentage point decline in the probability of receiving a promotion, while Kosteas (2007) does not find that women are less likely to receive promotions than their male counterparts. While both Cobb-Clark and Kosteas use the NLSY79 data, the latter study uses the 1996-1998 waves, whereas the former uses data from 1988-1990. In the latter study, many of the women are beyond their prime childbearing years, lowering the probability that they will take time off from the labor force to raise children.…”

“…Using the 1996 wave of the NLSY79, Rothstein (2001) finds that workers with more education and longer tenure at the firm are more likely to have supervisory responsibility, while women are less likely to do so. Using the 1996–1998 waves of the NLSY79, Kosteas (2009) finds that club participation in high school is also an important predictor of who will become a supervisor and, like Rothstein, finds that being a woman is associated with a lower probability of being a supervisor. The present study is the first to examine whether employment history affects a worker’s probability of being a supervisor, and whether it can help explain the gender gap in supervisory status.…”