High second-order nonlinearities induced in lead silicate glass by electron-beam irradiation

Kazansky, Peter G.; Kamal, A. K.; Russell, P. St. J.

doi:10.1364/ol.18.000693

Cited by 118 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Glass is a centrosymmetric material and has therefore no second-order susceptibility, (2) . However, a variety of centrosymmetry breaking procedures have been demonstrated in the last years and (2) values as large as 1 pm/V have been achieved in the surface of pure silica by thermal poling under an applied electric field 1 and in the surface of a lead silica plate irradiated with an electron beam.…”

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“…However, a variety of centrosymmetry breaking procedures have been demonstrated in the last years and (2) values as large as 1 pm/V have been achieved in the surface of pure silica by thermal poling under an applied electric field 1 and in the surface of a lead silica plate irradiated with an electron beam. 2 Both the thermal poling [3][4][5][6][7][8] and electron irradiation techniques 9 lead to (2) values of the same order in a thin layer beneath the glass surface. Nevertheless, Kazansky et al 9 have shown that the electron-beam irradiation does not work on pure silica but erases the second-order nonlinearity in thermally poled silica.…”

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“…The same authors observed the absence of second-harmonic ͑SH͒ signal in poled lead silica samples with unspecified Pb concentration. This motivated us to investigate the role of the lead component in both (2) -inducing techniques and this letter presents results concerning with second-harmonic generation by electron-beam irradiation on a variety of lead silica glasses. We have found that the SH signal by electron implantation increases linearly with the lead concentration.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The SH signal from the treated lead silica samples was calibrated by comparing with the signal obtained from a piece of crystalline quartz under similar light irradiation conditions. A (2) value of about 4 pm/V was estimated for a ZF 7 sample scanned at 6 nA and 30 kV for 15 min in SL3 mode or, equivalently, with a total electron charge ͑TEC͒ per unit of scanned area of 0.291 C/m 2 . The phase matching factor has not been considered by assuming an effective layer depth of 2 m, much less than the coherence distance of 7 m.…”

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“…2, there exists a pair of positive and negative charged layers below the glass surface and the negative layer locates deeper than the positive one. A strong space-charge electrostatic field is created and, acting on the third-order susceptibility induces the (2) nonlinearity in the layered structure. The presence of lead may aid in establishing the positive layer by the ionization collisions of electrons with lead oxide radicals, while the electrons stop deeper and build the negative layer there.…”

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The role of lead component in second-harmonic generation in lead silica by electron-beam irradiation

Qiu

Orriols

1998

Applied Physics Letters

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It is found that the second-order nonlinearity induced in lead silica by electron-beam irradiation increases linearly with the lead percentage of the glass and a value of 4 pm/V has been estimated for ZF7 lead silica. The electrostatic field created under the glass surface increases with the lead percentage, which can be explained by the theory of stopping collisions of fast electrons. The layer depth is found proportional to the inverse square root of the lead percentage. The accumulative effect of electron irradiation for inducing the nonlinearity appears limited by the breakdown threshold in the charged layer. An optimum total electron charge per unit of scanned area of 0.29 C/m2 has been determined for SF2 glass. Nonlinearity layer depths of 1.9–4.1 μm have been estimated by chemical etching for different lead silica and electron voltages, and the coefficients of the Bohr–Bethe penetration formula have been determined for SF2 glass.

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The role of lead component in second-harmonic generation in lead silica by electron-beam irradiation

Qiu

Orriols

1998

Applied Physics Letters

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Chalcogenide Glasses Based on Germanium Disulfide for Second Harmonic Generation

Guignard

Nazabal

Smektala

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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International audienceHigh second-order susceptibilities are created by thermal poling in bulk germanium disulfide based chalcogenide glasses. Experimental conditions of the poling treatment (temperature, voltage, time) were optimized for each glass composition. The second-order nonlinear signals were recorded by using the Maker fringes experiment and a second-order coefficient χ(2) up to 8 pm V-1 was measured in the Ge25Sb10S65 glass. This value is obtained using a simulation based on accurate knowledge of the thickness of the nonlinear layer. Two mechanisms are proposed to explain the creation of a nonlinear layer under the anode: the formation and the migration of charged defects towards the anode may mainly occur in Ge20Ga5Sb10S65 and Ge25Ga5S70 glasses, whereas the migration of Na+ ions towards the cathode may be responsible for the accumulation of negative charges under the anode in Ge33S67 and Ge25Sb10S65 glasses. Different electronic conductivity behaviors seem to be at the origin of the phenomenon. In parallel, the potential effect of the poling treatment on the structural and electronic properties is studied using Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements

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Springer Handbook of Glass

2019

Springer Handbooks

176

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Numerous innovations in photonics were realized on the base of nonlinear optical properties and notably in information technologies. To take advantage of nonlinear optical properties of glass, multidisciplinary research efforts were necessary combining optics, glass chemistry, material science as well as development of optical or electrical polarizations processes. This chapter addresses both fundamental aspects of the nonlinear optical responses, but also the exploitation of nonlinear optical phenomena in glassy material. It starts by a general introduction on nonlinear optical phenomena and concepts. Then, the specific cases of second and third optical responses in glasses are treated separately and described in details as a function of the corresponding optical phenomena, the different glass families and the applications.

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High second-order nonlinearities induced in lead silicate glass by electron-beam irradiation

Abstract: A new technique for inducing a large permanent second-order susceptibility in lead silicate glass is reported. The procedure involves implanting electrons by irradiating the glass with an electron beam. Second-order nonlinearities chi((2)) as high as 0.7 pm/V are obtained.

Cited by 118 publications

References 8 publications

The role of lead component in second-harmonic generation in lead silica by electron-beam irradiation

The role of lead component in second-harmonic generation in lead silica by electron-beam irradiation

Chalcogenide Glasses Based on Germanium Disulfide for Second Harmonic Generation

Springer Handbook of Glass

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