High-sensitivity biosensor for simultaneous detection of cancer and diabetes using photonic crystal microstructure

Abstract

In this study, we propose a refractive index sensor for the simultaneous detection of cancer and diabetes based on photonic crystals (PhC). The proposed PhC composed of silicon rods in the air bed arranged in a hexagonal lattice forms the fundamental structure, and two tubes are used to place the cancerous or diabetic samples for measurement. The sensor's transmission characteristics are simulated and analyzed by solving Maxwell's electromagnetic equations using the finite-difference time-domain method for samples under study. The diagnosis of three types of cancer and diabetes is based on changing the samples' refractive index by applying the laser source centered at 1550 nm. Our results demonstrate that the proposed structure's quality factor and sensitivity can be adjusted by changing the sensor's geometry. They reveal that the transmission power is between 91% ~ 100%, depending on the sample. The sensitivity range is also between 1294 and 3080 nm/RIU. The maximum figure of merit is about 1550.11 RIU -1 with a detection range of 31×10 -6 RIU. The small biosensor area of 61.56 µm 2 makes it a suitable device for various applications in compact photonic integrated circuits.

Highly sensitive V-shaped SPR PCF biosensor for cancer detection

“…Additionally, the suggested design could be also used to detect the change in RI for different bio-analyte. Moreover, the achieved sensitivity is greater than that has been reported in (Jabin et al 2019), (Ayyanar et al 2018), (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Jindal et al 2016), (Sani et al 2022), (Almawgani et al 2022), (Malek et al 2022), (Yasli 2022), (Nayak 2023), and (Ramanujam et al 2019).…”

“…A comparison between the proposed V-shaped cancer detection sensor with the previously reported sensors in (Sani et al 2022), (Verma, Kumar and Jindal, 2022), (Chaudhary, Kumar and Kumar, 2022), (Rajeswari and Revathi 2022), (Yasli 2021), (Jabin et al 2019), (Ayyanar et al 2018), (Mollah et al 2020), (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Jindal et al 2016), (Abdelghaffar et al 2022) and (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Singh and Prajapati 2023), (Almawgani et al 2022), (Malek et al 2022), (Yasli 2022), (Nayak 2023) is depicted in Table 6. It is evident that the sensitivity of the proposed early cancer detection biosensor is greater than the introduced biosensors in (Jabin et al 2019), (Ayyanar et al 2018), (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Jindal et al 2016), (Sani et al 2022), (Almawgani et al 2022), (Malek et al 2022), (Yasli 2022) (Nayak 2023) (Abdelghaffar et al 2022)and (Ramanujam et al 2019). Further, the highly sensitive sensors reported in (Verma, Kumar and Jindal, 2022), (Yasli 2021), and (Singh and Prajapati 2023) have used different air hole diameters with complex fabrication process.…”

“…Moreover, 1-D binary PhC with a defect layer using ( Si∕SiO 2 N/Defect/(Si∕SiO 2 )N structure was introduced for cancer cells detection with sensitivity of 2400.08 nm/RIU (Almawgani et al 2022). In addition, RI based sensor for skin cancer (Basal, HeLa, MDA-MB-231) detection using silicon rods in the air bed was presented with sensitivity of 3080 nm/RIU (Sani et al 2022). Additionally, SPR-PCF biosensor for two breast cancer cells detection was developed with sensitivities of 4500 nm/RIU and 4643 nm/RIU for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells, respectively (Yasli 2022).…”

2D photonic crystal biosensing platform based on coupled defective ring-shaped microcavity-two waveguides for diabetes detection using human tears

“…During the past few decades, Photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted the attention of many researchers, they propose and develop several types of optical sensors because of their simple periodic dielectric structure with periodic spatial distribution of refractive index [5,6]. PhCs have played an essential role in designing all-optical circuits because of their unique properties [7]. One of these characteristics is preventing certain wavelengths to pass through the lattice in one, two, or any number of polarization directions within the PhC structure due to the appearance of a photonic bandgap (PBG) [7,8].…”

Design and analysis of a photonic crystal-based biosensor for the detection of chikungunya virus

“…PCs are composed of artificially created micro-or nanostructures with a periodic arrangement of repeating materials with a higher and lower dielectric constant [6]. PCs can be either one-dimensional (1D) [7], two-dimensional (2D) [8] or three-dimensional (3D) [9], and this controls the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the structure depending upon the wavelength. The spatially varying dielectric material prevents a range of frequencies from propagating within the medium; this is known as the photonic band gap (PBG) [10,11].…”