High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler

Wang, Shanshan; Yang, Hang; Liao, Yipeng; Wang, Xin; Wang, Jing

doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2593586

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This effect was proposed and demonstrated in early works to develop fiber based refractometers [14], [15]. In recent years, optical sensors based on microfiber directional couplers have been proposed and demonstrated to perform high sensitivity measurements in many practical applications [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. For the specific case of fiber coupler based RI sensors, these include fused biconical fibers [24]- [26], microfibers [16], [18], [27]- [30], photonic crystal fibers (PCF) [31]- [33], and specially designed two-core optical fibers [34], [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based on Highly Overcoupled Tapered Fiber-Optic Couplers

et al. 2017

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In this work a simple and compact fiber optic sensor based on an overcoupled tapered fiber coupler is studied. The coupler is fabricated to be operated well beyond the initial coupling cycles, where the rapid exchange of energy between outputs ports enable the fabrication of a highly sensitive device. The suitability and sensitivity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by measuring refractive index (RI) variations of sugar concentrations in water. The device presents a linear response in terms of power transmission or wavelength shift versus RI changes. The best achieved sensitivity is 0.442 units of normalized transmission per unit of sugar concentration, with a noise detection limit of 0.003 weight percent of sugar concentration (wt %). From this result the minimum detectable RI change is estimated as 5 × 10 −6 refractive index unit (RIU). The sensor can be also wavelength-encoded, exhibiting a sensitivity of 2,171 nm/RIU, maintaining a linear response in a large range of RI. These experimental results are within the best results reported in the framework of fiber couplers and modal interferometers based RI sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based on Highly Overcoupled Tapered Fiber-Optic Couplers

et al. 2017

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“…. In addition, simultaneous measurements for dual sensing is used by fiber Bragg grating (FBG), surface plasmon resonance dip probe, microfiber directional coupler, ring resonator with polymide/hydrogel‐coated photonic crystal fiber (PCF), directional coupler based micro/nanofibers, high‐birefringence elliptic fiber, Fabry‐ Perot interferometer, Mach‐Zhender interferometer, and D‐Shaped PCF . Though the salinity sensor using photonic crystal was explored in our previous article, as the presented research has another big issue such that the salt level water also will contain some degree of temperature which was not detailed and discribed in the previous research article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri‐core photonic crystal fiber based refractive index dual sensor for salinity and temperature detection

Amiri

Paul

Ahmed

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

110

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This article discusses the tri‐core photonic crystal microstructure fiber for the process of simultaneous sensing for salinity and temperature of water substances. This kind of microstructure is preferred in many sensing application to scale the detection process in micrometer range. In this novel sensor, the sensitivity is calculated through coupling mechanism by tracking wavelength shift of various concentrations of salinity and temperature using finite element method. The sensible samples are in liquid and are infiltrated into the framed hollow cavity. Based on the coupling principle between silica substrate and the analyte material, the sense of the salt as well as temperature is obtained. Finally, it is noted that sensitivity of the salt level in water as 5404.9 nm/RIU for x polarization direction and 5674 nm/RIU for y polarization direction have been calculated with the temperature sensitivity of 4 nm/°C in the same water substances.

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“…Optical Microfibres have been widely applied for salinity sensing because of the excellent light matter interaction developed via the strong evanescent field surrounding the microfiber. Salinity sensors based on microfibre have attracted particular attention due to their advantages of compact size, low loss, low cost and electromagnetic immunity [7][8][9]. Existing forms of salinity sensor based on microfibre include a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [10], a microfibre loop [8], a Bragg grating [11] and a direction coupler [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity sensors based on microfibre have attracted particular attention due to their advantages of compact size, low loss, low cost and electromagnetic immunity [7][8][9]. Existing forms of salinity sensor based on microfibre include a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [10], a microfibre loop [8], a Bragg grating [11] and a direction coupler [9]. Among the numerous devices based on microfibre, the microfibre resonator represents a significant development in the field of evanescent wave sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-sensitivity salinity sensor based on optical microfiber coil resonator

Yin¹,

Shi²,

Ren³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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A simple, compact, and high-sensitivity optical sensor for salinity measurement is reported based on an optical microfiber coil resonator (MCR). The MCR is manufactured by initially wrapping microfiber on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) rod, which is dissolved to leave a hollow cylindrical fluidic channel within the coil for measurement. Based on the light propagation through the MCR, the device's spectrum moves to long wavelengths with increased salinity in the fluid. The MCR device's sensitivity can reach up to 15.587 nm/% with a resolution of 1.28 × 10 -3 %. It is also confirmed that the temperature dependence is 79.87 pm/°C, which results from the strong thermal-expansion coefficient of the low refractive index epoxy. The experimental results indicate that the device can be widely used as a high sensitivity salinity sensor in water and other liquids due to its stability, compactness, electromagnetic immunity, and high sensitivity.

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High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler

Cited by 52 publications

References 29 publications

High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based on Highly Overcoupled Tapered Fiber-Optic Couplers

High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based on Highly Overcoupled Tapered Fiber-Optic Couplers

Tri‐core photonic crystal fiber based refractive index dual sensor for salinity and temperature detection

High-sensitivity salinity sensor based on optical microfiber coil resonator

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