High Serum Levels of Soluble IL-2 Receptor, Cytokines, and C Reactive Protein Correlate with Impairment of T Cell Response in Patients with Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Inflammation and ovarian cancer

“…In our studies, patients peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferative response to PHA, anti-CD3 mAb and human recombinant IL-2 (HurIL-2) alone was significantly lower in comparison to controls and it was not modified by the addition of human recombinant IL-2 (HurIL-2) to the culture media. Furthermore, also the expression of CD25 and CD122 subunits of membrane-bound IL-2R on patients' PBMC after stimulation with PHA or CD3mAb was lower than that seen in controls (Macciò et al, 1998). A very important finding of our researches highlights that this impairment of T cells response was associated with increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 , IL-1 , IL-6, TNF-) and other mediators of inflammation such as fibrinogen, CRP and sIL-2R ( Figure 1).…”

“…Several studies, including some from our group (Macciò et al, 1998(Macciò et al, , 2009, demonstrated the correlation existing between the severity of chronic inflammation, advanced stage and poor outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer is an immunogenic tumour and exploits many suppressive ways to escape immune eradication.…”

“…(Lane, 2011;Lo, 2011). The high levels of IL-6 enhance the immune suppressive status of the tumour microenvironment by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, T cell activation and proliferation, and promoting lymphocytes apoptosis (Macciò, 1998;Mantovani, 1999a). Furthermore, IL-6 may divert the immune response from Th1 towards a suppressive Th2 response although controversial data have been reported.…”

The relationship between the preoperative systemic inflammatory response and cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for renal clear cell cancer

“…Firstly, that an elevated Creactive protein identifies tumours capable of producing significant amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin-6 (Kinoshita et al, 1999;McKeown et al, 2004) and therefore with the potential for more rapid growth of tumour cells (Jee et al, 2001;Trikha et al, 2003). Also, that an elevated C-reactive protein identifies those patients with T-lymphocyte impairment (Maccio et al, 1998;Canna et al, 2005) or patients with a proangiogenic environment (Kofler et al, 2005;Xavier et al, 2006) allowing unrestrained tumour growth and dissemination. Clearly, both these tumour and host mechanisms may be related and required for the greater malignant potential associated with an elevated C-reactive protein concentration.…”

The relationship between the systemic inflammatory response, tumour proliferative activity, T-lymphocytic infiltration and COX-2 expression and survival in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

“…Firstly, that an elevated C-reactive protein identifies tumours capable of producing significant amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin-6 (Kinoshita et al, 1999;McKeown et al, 2004) and therefore with the potential for more rapid growth of tumour cells (Jee et al, 2001;Trikha et al, 2003). Alternatively, Creactive protein could directly impair immune function (Maccio et al, 1998;Du Clos and Mold, 2004;Canna et al, 2005) allowing unrestrained tumour growth and dissemination.…”