High sodium intake is associated with increased glucocorticoid production, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

Baudrand, René; Campino, Carmen; Carvajal, Cristián A.; Olivieri, Oliviero; Guidi, Giancesare; Faccini, Giovanni; Vöhringer, Paul A.; Cerda, Jaime; Owen, Gareth I.; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Fardella, Carlos

doi:10.1111/cen.12225

Cited by 146 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

128

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, Baudrand et al (24) reported that there is no statistical difference in BMI between participants with high Na intake and adequate Na intake (29·4 v. 29·0 kg/m 2 ). In addition, the current study observed that participants with obesity had higher Na excretion than those without.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy. Setting: Shandong Province, China. Subjects: Chinese adults (n 1906) aged 18-69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples. Results: Odds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waistto-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 SD increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-toheight ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HSD-induced insulin resistance (IR) was found to be driven by impaired microvascular responsiveness to insulin [52] and linked with decreased insulin sensitivity, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase or Akt activation [53], and AT hypoxia [54]. Further study indicated that HSD and IR, alone or combined, might have a strong relationship with obesity-related metabolic disorders [55]. Studies showed that high salt intake increased serum gastrin levels relative to an LSD in the Chinese subjects [56], and gastrin is a critical hormonal regulator that is known to induce gastric secretion, stimulate pancreatic secretion, and increase blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine.…”

Section: Hsd and Gi Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Salt Diet Gets Involved in Gastrointestinal Diseases through the Reshaping of Gastroenterological Milieu

Sun

Guo

et al. 2018

Digestion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are known to be largely influenced by one’s lifestyle and dietary uptake. A high-salt diet (HSD) is well recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular complications, hypertension, and metabolic syndromes. However, the relationship between an HSD and the GI system, which is the compartment that comes in direct contact with exogenous stimulants, has not been fully explored. Aims: We seek to better understand the complexity of the pathogenic effects of an HSD in the context of GI disorders. Methods: By searching the PubMed and Web of science, the review of literature was performed using keywords: high-salt and GI, high-salt and immunity, salt and microbiota, salt and hormone. Results: In this review, we concluded that high-salt intake potentially perturbs the local immune homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota composition and function, and affects the endocrine hormone profiling in the GI system. Conclusion: HSD might get involved in GI diseases through the reshaping of gastroenterological milieu, which could help to better understand the complexity of the pathogenic effects of an HSD in the context of GI disorders.

show abstract

“…In this regard, low water intake predicts development of insulin resistance, 106 whereas increasing water intake is associated with weight loss, at least in overweight subjects. 107 High salt intake is also associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes [108][109][110][111][112] and predicts these conditions independent of energy intake or intake of sugary beverages. [112][113][114] Thus, the development of obesity is not simply because of greater intake of soft drinks consequent to salt-induced thirst, which has been suggested.…”

Section: Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Kidney Diseases in the Setting of Climate Change, Water Shortage, and Survival Factors

Johnson

Stenvinkel

Jensen

et al. 2016

JASN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change (global warming) is leading to an increase in heat extremes and coupled with increasing water shortage, provides a perfect storm for a new era of environmental crises and potentially, new diseases. We use a comparative physiologic approach to show that one of the primary mechanisms by which animals protect themselves against water shortage is to increase fat mass as a means for providing metabolic water. Strong evidence suggests that certain hormones (vasopressin), foods (fructose), and metabolic products (uric acid) function as survival signals to help reduce water loss and store fat (which also provides a source of metabolic water). These mechanisms are intricately linked with each other and stimulated by dehydration and hyperosmolarity. Although these mechanisms were protective in the setting of low sugar and low salt intake in our past, today, the combination of diets high in fructose and salty foods, increasing temperatures, and decreasing available water places these survival signals in overdrive and may be accelerating the obesity and diabetes epidemics. The recent discovery of multiple epidemics of CKD occurring in agricultural workers in hot and humid environments may represent harbingers of the detrimental consequences of the combination of climate change and overactivation of survival pathways.

show abstract

High sodium intake is associated with increased glucocorticoid production, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

Cited by 146 publications

References 37 publications

Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

High-Salt Diet Gets Involved in Gastrointestinal Diseases through the Reshaping of Gastroenterological Milieu

Metabolic and Kidney Diseases in the Setting of Climate Change, Water Shortage, and Survival Factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About