High Soybean Yield and Drought Adaptation Being Associated with Canopy Architecture, Water Uptake, and Root Traits

Gao, Xiubing; Guo, Can; Li, Fengmin; Li, Ming; He, Jin

doi:10.3390/agronomy10040608

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Merlin is slightly older than SG Anser or Abelina. Many studies have confirmed that older cultivars find it more difficult to adjust to environmental conditions and stress-related factors, which results in their poorer growth and yield performance [53][54][55][56]. In the present work, the mean nitrogen content in seeds, roots and post-harvest residues was around 45, 11.0 and 5.5 g•kg −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Nitrogen Uptake from Different Sources by Non-GMO Soybean Varieties

2020

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Soybean has the ability to live in symbiosis with microorganisms and take up nitrogen from the atmosphere, fertiliser and soil reserves. The amount of nitrogen taken up from these sources depends on many biotic and abiotic factors, e.g., the rhizobium species, cultivar, as well as weather and agricultural conditions. A field experiment was conducted in eastern Poland (central Europe) in two successive growing seasons to examine the uptake of nitrogen from the atmosphere (NDFA—% nitrogen derived from the atmosphere), fertiliser (NDFF—% of nitrogen derived from fertiliser) and soil reserves (NDFS—% of nitrogen derived from the soil) for three non-GMO (non genetically modified organism) soybean cultivars: Abelina, SG Anser and Merlin. Pre-plant fertilisation of plants with nitrogen excess with the 15N isotope and the isotope dilution method were applied. Soil reserves and the atmosphere were major nitrogen sources for soybean. Soybean roots contained the most atmosphere-derived nitrogen (45.85%), the amount being lower for soil reserves (41.43%) and the lowest for fertiliser (12.72%). Harvest residues and seeds contained the most soil reserve-derived nitrogen, the amount being lower for the atmospheric nitrogen and the lowest for fertiliser-derived nitrogen. The amount of nitrogen derived from different sources in the whole soybean mass significantly depended on cultivars and years’ percentage values being affected by study years only. Less atmospheric nitrogen was accumulated in cv. Abelina roots (2.15 kg N·ha−1) compared with cv. SG Anser (3.07 kg N·ha−1) or cv. Merlin (2.89 kg N·ha−1). More atmospheric nitrogen was recorded in the post-harvest residues and seeds of cv. Abelina and SG Anser than Merlin. The content of soil reserve-derived nitrogen taken up by the whole soybean plants averaged 61.29 kg N∙kg−1, the amounts being 50.95 and 11.38 kgN∙kg−1 for nitrogen taken up from the atmosphere and fertiliser, respectively. Soybean grown in the study year with more favourable thermal and precipitation conditions (2017) took up more nitrogen from all the sources compared with the year 2018.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Nitrogen Uptake from Different Sources by Non-GMO Soybean Varieties

2020

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“…Each rhizobox was filled with 26 kg of soil-sand mix. Basal fertiliser (urea, triple superphosphate, and sulphate of potash), comprising 190 mg kg −1 N, 110 mg kg −1 P, and 130 mg kg −1 K dry soil, was mixed into the top 20 cm of soil in each rhizobox [33]. Each rhizobox received an equal amount of macro-and micro-nutrients from commercial liquid fertiliser (Thrive; Yates, Australia) on a % w/v basis, with N (11), P (2.5), K (8), Mg (0.5), Mo (0.005), Cu (0.043), B (0.13), Zn (0.34), Fe (0.34), S (0.53), and Mn (0.26) as a top-dressing four weeks after emergence to ensure proper plant growth and development.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique

Salim

Chen

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Root-system architecture is vital for improving soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and nutrient uptake. We characterised root-system architecture and shoot traits of 30 soybean genotypes in a semi-hydroponic system 35 days after sowing (DAS) and validated eight genotypes with contrasting root-system architecture in 1.5 m-deep rhizoboxes at the flowering stage. Among them, two genotypes were selected for evaluation through to maturity. Abundant variation (coefficient of variation values ≥ 0.25) was observed in 11 of 13 measured roots and shoot traits during the early growth stage. After late growth stages, strong positive correlations were found between root traits and shoot traits, except for specific root length and diameter. Seed yield and yield traits at final harvest significantly differed between two contrasting soybean genotypes. The large-rooted genotype had a higher harvest index than the small-rooted genotype. Soybean genotypes with larger root systems had a long time to flowering than those with smaller root systems. Genotypes with large-root systems had 106% more leaf area, and 245% more shoot dry weight than those with small systems, presumably due to high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Total root length, and root: shoot ratio-traits data collected in the rhizobox study, strongly correlated with the same traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system. We found genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in other root and shoot traits such as taproot depth, root dry weight, specific root length, and average root diameter among the tested genotypes. Phenology, particularly time to flowering, was associated with root system size. Some root and shoot traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system at the seedling stage produced similar rankings at the later phenological (flowering) stage when grown in the soil-filled rhizoboxes. The soybean genotypes characterised by vastly different root traits could be used for further glasshouse and field studies to improve adaptation to drought and other specific environments.

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“…The root system seems to be strongly related with drought tolerance in legumes [31] and has been highlighted for its potential applicability in drought tolerance screenings in soybean (Glycine max L.) [36,37], chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) [18,27,38], common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [39,40], faba bean (Vicia faba L.) [41] and lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medikus) [42].…”

Section: Root-related Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cowpea, root traits were suggested to have an important role in drought avoidance [12] but their use in drought tolerance screenings is still not commonly applied, as they might involve complicated procedures using specific chambers that often require access to recently developed imaging techniques and high-throughput phenotyping software that allow the visualization of the three dimensional distribution of the root in the soil [16,43]. Different legume crops present distinct responses to drought regarding root development: common bean [39], faba bean genotypes [41] and soybean [37], show a reduced root development, while, in chickpea genotypes [18,27,38] and in some species of the genus Vigna [15], root growth seems to be stimulated. Moreover, Iseki et al [15] verified that the genotypes' tolerance levels were different between terminal and non-terminal drought treatments.…”

Section: Root-related Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and Agro-Morphological Traits Performance in Cowpea under Drought Stress

et al. 2020

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Drought is responsible for major yield losses in many worldwide crops and is expected to occur more frequently due to climate change. Cowpea, one of the most drought tolerant legumes, stands as a promising crop in the future climatic context. The screening for genotypes well adapted to this constraint is an essential step to improve cowpea production. A collection of 29 cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) from the Iberian Peninsula and 11 other countries from worldwide regions was grown and submitted to drought stress using pipes with 30 cm (control) and 90 cm (stress) of height in which water was supplied through the bottom. A set of root and agro-morphological parameters were evaluated, including shoot and root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and stem greenness. Overall, results show that under drought stress, plants seem to invest in root development and reduce shoot biomass. Higher root dry weight under drought conditions could be related to a higher drought tolerance in cowpea. Based on the evaluated traits, it was possible to identify genotypes, particularly C47 (Iran), C56 and C11 (Portugal), which might represent promising cowpea genetic resources for improved drought tolerance breeding.

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High Soybean Yield and Drought Adaptation Being Associated with Canopy Architecture, Water Uptake, and Root Traits

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Nitrogen Uptake from Different Sources by Non-GMO Soybean Varieties

Nitrogen Uptake from Different Sources by Non-GMO Soybean Varieties

Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique

Root and Agro-Morphological Traits Performance in Cowpea under Drought Stress

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