High Spatial Resolution of Pollen and Charcoal in Relation to the c. 600 year BP Kaharoa Tephra: Implications for Polynesian Settlement of Great Barrier Island, Northern New Zealand

Horrocks, Mark; Deng, Yanbin; Ogden, John C.; Alloway, Brent V.; Nichol, Scott L.; Sutton, Douglas G.

doi:10.1006/jasc.2000.0568

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Lagenaria pollen was also identified in a sediment core from a swamp several hundred metres distant from the coprolite site at the opposite end of the same beach on Great Barrier Island (Horrocks et al 2002b) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Pollenmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polynesian plant subsistence in prehistoric New Zealand: A summary of the microfossil evidence

Horrocks¹

2004

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Plant microfossils from New Zealand provide direct evidence of prehistoric Polynesian cultivation and gathering of a variety of plants in different depositional settings. The microfossils include pollen, phytoliths, and starch residues of introduced Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato, kumara), and Colocasia esculenta (taro). The settings span 600 km and include sediment cores, archaeological structures, and coprolites. In addition, the presence of wetland microfossils (e.g., diatoms and algal spores) in dryland deposits suggests other agricultural practices such as irrigation, and putative truffle (hypogeous Ascomycotina) spores in coprolites suggest foraging for wild plants. Variable production and preservation of different types of plant microremains suggest the value for analysis of pollen, biogenic silica, and starch residues as a combined method for identifying prehistoric plant subsistence at archaeological sites.

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Section: Pollenmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polynesian plant subsistence in prehistoric New Zealand: A summary of the microfossil evidence

Horrocks¹

2004

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…Early research focused on reconstructing vegetation diversity at a single site, but approaches have expanded to examine broader environmental questions such as regional vegetation response to climatic shifts (Donders et al, 2007), reconstruction of a specific variable across a region (Fletcher and Thomas, 2010a), recovery from episodes of disturbance such as fire (Lynch et al, 2007), and responses to human impacts in the pollen catchment (Haberle et al, 2006;Horrocks et al, 2001;Leahy et al, 2005).…”

Section: Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-resolution Australasian palaeoclimate records of the last 2000 years

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Non-annually resolved palaeoclimate records in the Australasian region were compiled to facilitate investigations of decadal to centennial climate variability over the past 2000 years. A total of 675 lake and wetland, geomorphic, marine, and speleothem records were identified. The majority of records are located near population centres in southeast Australia, in New Zealand, and across the maritime continent, and there are few records from the arid regions of central and western Australia. Each record was assessed against a set of a priori criteria based on temporal resolution, record length, dating methods, and confidence in the proxy-climate relationship over the Common Era. A subset of 22 records met the criteria and were endorsed for subsequent analyses. Chronological uncertainty was the primary reason why records did not meet the selection criteria. New chronologies based on Bayesian techniques were constructed for the high-quality subset to ensure a consistent approach to age modelling and quantification of age uncertainties. The primary reasons for differences between published and reconstructed age-depth models were the consideration of the non-singular distribution of ages in calibrated 14 C dates and the use of estimated autocorrelation between sampled depths as a constraint for changes in accumulation rate. Existing proxies and reconstruction techniques that successfully capture climate variability in the region show potential to address spatial gaps and expand the range of climate variables covering the last 2000 years in the Australasian region. Future palaeoclimate research and records in Australasia could be greatly improved through three main actions: (i) greater data availability through the public archiving of published records; (ii) thorough characterisation of proxy-climate relationships through site monitoring and climate sensitivity tests; and (iii) improvement of chronologies through coretop dating, inclusion of tephra layers where possible, and increased date density during the Common Era.

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“…Taupo tephra and several 14 C ages provide earlier (pre-Polynesian) time-planes. After Newnham et al (1998b) and Lowe et al (2002) with additional data from Elliot et al (1997), Horrocks et al (2001Horrocks et al ( , 2007, Byrami et al (2002), and D.J. Lowe, R.M.…”

Section: Fig 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

651

535

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Tephrochronology (from tephra, Gk "ashes") is a unique stratigraphic method for linking, dating, and synchronizing geological, palaeoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events. As well as utilizing the Law of Superposition, tephrochronology in practise requires tephra deposits to be characterized (or "fingerprinted") using physical properties evident in the field together with those obtained from laboratory analyses. Such analyses include mineralogical examination (petrography) or geochemical analysis of glass shards or crystals using an electron microprobe or other analytical tools including laser-ablation-based mass spectrometry or the ion microprobe. The palaeoenvironmental or archaeological context in which a tephra occurs may also be useful for correlational purposes. Tephrochronology provides greatest utility when a numerical age obtained for a tephra or cryptotephra is transferrable from one site to another using stratigraphy and by comparing and matching inherent compositional features of the deposits with a high degree of likelihood. Used this way, tephrochronology is an age-equivalent dating method that provides an exceptionally precise volcanic-event stratigraphy. Such age transfers are valid because the primary tephra deposits from an eruption essentially have the same short-lived age everywhere they occur, forming isochrons very soon after the eruption (normally within a year).As well as providing isochrons for palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions, tephras through their geochemical analysis allow insight into volcanic and magmatic processes, and provide a comprehensive record of explosive volcanism and recurrence rates in the Quaternary (or earlier) that can be used to establish time-space relationships of relevance to volcanic hazard analysis.The basis and application of tephrochronology as a central stratigraphic and geochronological tool for Quaternary studies are presented and discussed in this review. Topics covered include principles of tephrochronology, defining isochrons, tephra nomenclature, mapping and correlating tephras from proximal to distal locations at metre-through to sub-3 millimetre-scale, cryptotephras, mineralogical and geochemical fingerprinting methods, numerical and statistical correlation techniques, and developments and applications in dating including the use of flexible depositional age-modelling techniques based on Bayesian statistics.Along with reference to wide-ranging examples and the identification of important recent advances in tephrochronology, such as the development of new geoanalytical approaches that enable individual small glass shards to be analysed near-routinely for major, trace, and rare-earth elements, potential problems such as miscorrelation, erroneous-age transfer, and tephra reworking and taphonomy (especially relating to cryptotephras) are also examined. Some of the challenges for future tephrochronological studies include refining geochemical analytical methods further, improving understanding of cryptotephra dis...

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High Spatial Resolution of Pollen and Charcoal in Relation to the c. 600 year BP Kaharoa Tephra: Implications for Polynesian Settlement of Great Barrier Island, Northern New Zealand

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Polynesian plant subsistence in prehistoric New Zealand: A summary of the microfossil evidence

Polynesian plant subsistence in prehistoric New Zealand: A summary of the microfossil evidence

Low-resolution Australasian palaeoclimate records of the last 2000 years

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

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