High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS): System Overview and On-Orbit Performance Assessment

Qi, Chengli; Wu, Chunqiang; Hu, Xiuqing; Xu, Hanlie; Lee, Lu; Zhou, Fang; Gu, Meng; Yang, Tianhang; Shao, Chunyuan; Yang, Zhiyong; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2963085

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The standard gas we use has been measured in the laboratory for the proportion of δ13C in CO2. The range of the proportion is -8.0‰ to -8.2‰ close to the natural content, so it will not cause significant isotopic effect on the measurement of CO2 by optical method and meet the requirements of standard gas (Yao et al, 2013).…”

Section: C3mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Response to Referee comment 2

Sun¹

2020

Preprint

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The authors thank all reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, which have helped us to improve the quality of this paper both in sciences and writing. All comments are carefully considered and responded. The manuscript by X. Sun et al. describes aircraft in-situ observations of CO2 and CH4 taken over Jiansanjiang, Northeastern China, between August 7 and 10, 2018. The authors used a turboprop aircraft which was limited to 0.6-7 km flight altitude. Therefore, C1

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Section: C3mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We corrected the sentences in our manuscript, Line 75, Page 3: "Three satellites designed for CO2 measurement, TanSAT (Yang et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2020), GMI/GF-5 (Li et al, 2016), and GAS/FY-3D (Qi et al, 2020),. .…”

Section: C3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Referee comment 2

Sun¹

2020

Preprint

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“…Although both pre-launch and post-launch activities of sounder calibration and validation (Cal/Val) Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3869 2 of 21 have been performed [6,7], there might be some unforeseeable disturbance sources that affect the data quality during the satellite flying. In this study, a radiometric calibration error caused by the solar stray light for a Chinese hyperspectral sounder has been evaluated and addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It measures the atmospheric upwelling infrared radiance over three spectral ranges: the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band from 650 to 1135 cm −1 , the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) band from 1210 to 1750 cm −1 , and the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band from 2155 to 2550 cm −1 . The full spectral resolution (FSR) for all the three bands is 0.625 cm −1 corresponding to the double-sided interferograms with maximum optical path differences (MPD) of ±0.8 cm [6,7]. There are four circular detectors for each band arranged as a 2 × 2 array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Contamination on HIRAS Cold Calibration View and the Corrected Radiance Assessment

Lee

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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The deep-space (DS) view spectra are used as a cold reference to calibrate the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) Earth scene (ES) observations. The DS spectra stability in the moving average window is crucial to the calibration accuracy of ES radiances. While in the winter and spring seasons, the HIRAS detector-3 DS view is susceptible to solar stray light intrusion when the satellite flies towards the tail of every descending orbit, and as a result, the measured DS spectra are contaminated by the stray light pseudo spectra, especially in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band. The solar light intrusion issue was addressed on 13 December 2019 when the DS view angle of the scene selection mirror (SSM) was adjusted from −77.4° to −87°. As for the historic contaminated data, a correction method is applied to detect the anomalous data by checking the continuity of the DS spectra and then replace them with the proximate normal ones. The historic ES observations are recalibrated after the contaminated DS spectra correction. The effect of the correction is assessed by comparing the recalibrated HIRAS radiances with those measured by the Cross-track Infrared Sounder onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite (SNPP/CrIS) via the extended simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNOx) technique and by checking the consistency among the radiance data from different HIRAS detectors. The results show that the large biases of the radiance brightness temperature (BT) caused by the contamination are ameliorated greatly to the levels observed in the normal conditions.

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“…Over the past few years, several satellites, including the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT, launched in January 2009), Second Orbiting Carbon Observatory, (OCO-2, launched in 2014) and TanSat (launched in 2016), have been launched into space to monitor CO 2 by observing backscattered hyperspectral radiance in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength, which can provide global coverage of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO 2 (X CO 2 ). Studies have shown that, given a 1-2 ppm accuracy of X CO 2 , the use of spaceborne instrument data can reduce the uncertainties in regional (8 • ×10 • footprint) estimation of CO 2 sources and sinks (Rayner and O'Brien, 2001). In addition, CO 2 vertical profiles in the 5-25 km altitude range can be obtained using limb viewing spaceborne sounders such as the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS, launched in August 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Several satellites have been launched to monitor the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere, through backscattered hyperspectral radiance in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. The vertical profiles of greenhouse gases and aerosols could strongly affect the results from these instruments. To investigate the effects of the vertical distribution of CO2 on the uncertainty of SWIR satellite retrieval results, we conducted observations of the vertical profiles of CO2, CH4 and aerosol particles at 0.6–7 km above sea level using a Beechcraft King Air 350ER in Jiansanjiang (46.77∘ N, 131.99∘ E), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, on 7–12 August 2018. The profiles from this aircraft captured a decrease in CO2 from 2 km to the minimum altitude due to the absorption of vegetation at the surface in summer. CH4 measurements showed about a 0.2 ppm increase from 2.0 to 0.6 km on 10 August, which may result from emissions from the large area of paddy fields below, and a constant mole fraction between 1.951 and 1.976 ppm was recorded at 2 km and above. Comparison of CO2 profiles from a new version of the carbon cycle data assimilation system Tan-Tracker (v1), retrievals from OCO-2 and aircraft measurements was conducted. The results from OCO-2 and the assimilation model system Tan-Tracker captured the vertical structure of CO2 above 3 km, whereas below 3 km the values from OCO-2 and the Tan-Tracker model were lower than those from in situ measurements. Column-averaged CO2 volume mole fractions calculated from in situ measurements showed biases of -4.68±0.44 ppm (-1.18±0.11%) compared to OCO-2 retrievals.

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High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS): System Overview and On-Orbit Performance Assessment

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Response to Referee comment 2

Response to Referee comment 2

Solar Contamination on HIRAS Cold Calibration View and the Corrected Radiance Assessment

In situ measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data

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High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS): System Overview and On-Orbit Performance Assessment

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Response to Referee comment 2

Response to Referee comment 2

Solar Contamination on HIRAS Cold Calibration View and the Corrected Radiance Assessment

In situ measurement of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data

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In situ measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> from aircraft over northeast China and comparison with OCO-2 data