High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits

Pernice, Wolfram H. P.; Schuck, Carsten; Minaeva, Olga; Li, Mo; Gol’tsman, G.; Sergienko, Alexander V.; Tang, Hong X.

doi:10.1038/ncomms2307

Cited by 439 publications

(395 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our theory in turn predicts that supersensitive precision is achievable without post-selection in an experimental regime that is achievable with near-term and stateof-the-art componentry, whereas detection events that have contributions from singlet components behave as in our experiment. Our approach is amenable to near-term implementation in an integrated architecture with on-chip interference of downconversion, 15 on-chip 16 detectors and integration with micro-fluidic channels. 5 This would enable inherently a stable path encoding to measure very small optical path lengths-other bulk optical techniques could be used to achieve this to convert polarisation to path, such as in ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Key components for this architecture have been demonstrated in integrated optics, including state generation and manipulation, 15 micro-fluidics 5 and photon detection. 16 Ultimately, this could enable practical deployment of quantum-enhanced sensors outside of the quantum optics laboratory. However, to date, unavoidable optical loss hampers quantum advantage and can actually lead to worse precision than by just using a bright laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards practical quantum metrology with photon counting

et al. 2016

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Quantum metrology aims to realise new sensors operating at the ultimate limit of precision measurement. However, optical loss, the complexity of proposed metrology schemes and interferometric instability each prevent the realisation of practical quantumenhanced sensors. To obtain a quantum advantage in interferometry using these capabilities, new schemes are required that tolerate realistic device loss and sample absorption. We show that loss-tolerant quantum metrology is achievable with photoncounting measurements of the generalised multi-photon singlet state, which is readily generated from spontaneous parametric downconversion without any further state engineering. The power of this scheme comes from coherent superpositions, which give rise to rapidly oscillating interference fringes that persist in realistic levels of loss. We have demonstrated the key enabling principles through the four-photon coincidence detection of outcomes that are dominated by the four-photon singlet term of the four-mode downconversion state. Combining state-of-the-art quantum photonics will enable a quantum advantage to be achieved without using post-selection and without any further changes to the approach studied here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards practical quantum metrology with photon counting

et al. 2016

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“…[5,6] To date, increasingly complex quantum photonic circuits, [7][8][9] sources, [10][11][12][13] and detectors [14] have been shown independently, but the integration of more than one of these elements has proven difficult. Focussing on source-circuit integrations, initial demonstrations have consisted of a photon-pair source with passive directional coupler elements, forming a quantum relay, [15] and a source of colour-segregated, polarisation-entangled photons, using an on-chip polarisation rotator.…”

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confidence: 99%

On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources

Silverstone¹,

Bonneau²,

et al. 2013

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Integrated quantum optics promises to enhance the scale and functionality of quantum technologies, and has become a leading platform for the development of complex and stable quantum photonic circuits. Here, we report path-entangled photon-pair generation from two distinct waveguide sources, the manipulation of these pairs, and their resulting high-visibility quantum interference, all on a single photonic chip. Degenerate and non-degenerate photon pairs were created via the spontaneous four-wave mixing process in the silicon-on-insulator waveguides of the device. We manipulated these pairs to exhibit on-chip quantum interference with visibility as high as 100.0 ± 0.4%. Additionally, the device can serve as a two-spatial-mode source of photon-pairs: we measured Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, off-chip, with visibility up to 95 ± 4%. Our results herald the next generation of monolithic quantum photonic circuits with integrated sources, and the new levels of complexity they will offer.

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“…Meaning To properly understand the behavior of the SNSPD receivers, we must analyze the optical absorption and statistical behavior of waveguide-integrated SNSPDs [40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. We first calculate the attenuation of light as a function of propagation length for 200 nm thick waveguides (t wg ) in the asymptotic slab regime.…”

Section: Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Optoelectronic Circuits for Neuromorphic Computing

et al. 2017

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Neural networks have proven effective for solving many difficult computational problems. Implementing complex neural networks in software is very computationally expensive. To explore the limits of information processing, it will be necessary to implement new hardware platforms with large numbers of neurons, each with a large number of connections to other neurons. Here we propose a hybrid semiconductor-superconductor hardware platform for the implementation of neural networks and large-scale neuromorphic computing. The platform combines semiconducting few-photon light-emitting diodes with superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors to behave as spiking neurons. These processing units are connected via a network of optical waveguides, and variable weights of connection can be implemented using several approaches. The use of light as a signaling mechanism overcomes fanout and parasitic constraints on electrical signals while simultaneously introducing physical degrees of freedom which can be employed for computation. The use of supercurrents achieves the low power density necessary to scale to systems with enormous entropy. The proposed processing units can operate at speeds of at least 20 MHz with fully asynchronous activity, light-speed-limited latency, and power densities on the order of 1 mW/cm 2 for neurons with 700 connections operating at full speed at 2 K. The processing units achieve an energy efficiency of ≈ 20 aJ per synapse event. By leveraging multilayer photonics with deposited waveguides and superconductors with feature sizes > 100 nm, this approach could scale to systems with massive interconnectivity and complexity for advanced computing as well as explorations of information processing capacity in systems with an enormous number of information-bearing microstates.

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High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits

Cited by 439 publications

References 41 publications

Towards practical quantum metrology with photon counting

Towards practical quantum metrology with photon counting

On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources

Superconducting Optoelectronic Circuits for Neuromorphic Computing

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