Articles you may be interested inThe origins of pressure-induced phase transformations during the surface texturing of silicon using femtosecond laser irradiation J. Appl. Phys. 112, 083518 (2012); 10.1063/1.4759140Experimental study of femtosecond laser-stimulated electrical discharges in small gaps and surface modifications Space and time resolved temperature measurements in laser pulse-produced metal melts Rev.In this work, the femtosecond laser pulse modification of surface is studied for aluminium (Al) and gold (Au) by use of two-temperature atomistic simulation. The results are obtained for various atomistic models with different scales: from pseudo-one-dimensional to full-scale three-dimensional simulation. The surface modification after laser irradiation can be caused by ablation and melting. For low energy laser pulses, the nanoscale ripples may be induced on a surface by melting without laser ablation. In this case, nanoscale changes of the surface are due to a splash of molten metal under temperature gradient. Laser ablation occurs at a higher pulse energy when a crater is formed on the surface. There are essential differences between Al ablation and Au ablation. In the first step of shock-wave induced ablation, swelling and void formation occur for both metals. However, the simulation of ablation in gold shows an additional athermal type of ablation that is associated with electron pressure relaxation. This type of ablation takes place at the surface layer, at a depth of several nanometers, and does not induce swelling. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 117, 135901 (2015) [This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to ] IP: 93.175.4.208 On: Wed, 01 Apr 2015 17:44:27 135901-2 S. V. Starikov and V. V. Pisarev J. Appl. Phys. 117, 135901 (2015) [This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to ] IP: 93.175.4.208 On: Wed, 01 Apr 2015 17:44:27 135901-3 S. V. Starikov and V. V. Pisarev J. Appl. Phys. 117, 135901 (2015) [This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to ] IP: 93.175.4.208 On: Wed, 01 Apr 2015 17:44:27 135901-4 S. V. Starikov and V. V. Pisarev J. Appl. Phys. 117, 135901 (2015) [This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to ] IP: 93.175.4.208 On: Wed, 01 Apr 2015 17:44:27 135901-5 S. V. Starikov and V. V. Pisarev J. Appl. Phys. 117, 135901 (2015) [This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to ] IP: 93.175.4.208 On: Wed, 01 Apr 2015 17:44:27 135901-6 S. V. Starikov and V. V. Pisarev J. Appl. Phys. 117, 135901...