High-speed operation of InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes

Campbell, Joe C.; Dentai, A.G.; Holden, W. S.; Kasper, B.L.

doi:10.1364/ofc.1984.wa3

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The PSD shape (21) implies the Lorentzian laser lineshape [9], [27]- [31]. We note that even though the Lorentzian lineshape has been observed experimentally [27], SpN(f) may be different from (21) in two respects [9], [28]- [31]: first, the flicker noise at low frequencies; and second, a peak at the resonant frequency of the laser cavity, which is typically several (1-10) GHz. The impact of the flicker noise is discussed and analyzed in Section VI-C.…”

Section: Receiver Noises and Their Properties A The Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The power spectral density (PSD) of the phase noise is 191 [271-[3 11 (21) where S p N ( f ) (rad2/Hz) is the one-sided PSD of the phase noise (bN(t), and Av is the laser linewith (FWHM). The factor two in (21) stems from the fact that +,v(t) is generated by two independent phase noises (transmitter and local oscillatqr), as per (18).…”

Section: Receiver Noises and Their Properties A The Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (48) is valid for any shape of the phase noise PSD. We are interested in two particular PSD shapes: the white frequency noise that corresponds to the PSD (21), and the flicker noise.…”

Section: Impact Of the Phase Noise On The Pll Performance A Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase noise broadens the laser linewidth, and can deteriorate the performance of coherent recievers. Presently, the state-of-the-art direct detection receivers operate at 18.7 dB from the shot noise limit [21], while the theoretical performance of simple heterodyne systems (ASK with envelope postdetection processing and/or FSK with frequency discrimination) is some 8 dB from the shot noise limit [22]. Therefore, the entire range for sensitivity improvement is about 10 dB for simple heterodyne systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSK receivers offer an additional sensitivity advantage over ASK/FSK receivers; their sensitivity advantage with respect to the best reported IM/DD systems [21] can be as large as 15 dB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK heterodyne communications systems

Kazovsky

1986

J. Lightwave Technol.

106

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An optical PSK heterodyne communications receiver is investigated. The receiver is based on the decision-directed phase-locked loop. The performance of the phase-locked loop subsystem is analyzed taking into account both shot noise and laser phase noise. It is shown that for reliable phase locking (rms phase error less than lo"), heterodyne second-order loops require at least 6771 electronsls per volt every hertz of the laser linewidth. This number corresponds to the limit when the loop dumping factor 7 is infinitely large; if 7 = 0.7, then the loop needs 10 157 electrons/(s . Hz). If the detector has a unity quantum efficiency and h = 1.5 pm, the above quoted numberers give 0.9 pW/ kHz for q + 03 and 1.35 pW/kHz for 7 = 0.7. The loop bandwidth required is also evaluated and found to be 155 Av, where Av is the laser linewidth. Finally, the linewidth permitted for PSK heterodyne recievers is evaluated and found to be 2.26 . R,, where Rh is the system bit rate. For R,, = 100 Mbit/s, this leads to Av < 226 kHz. Such and better linewidths have been demonstrated with laboratory external cavity lasers. For comparison, ASK and FSK heterodyne receivers are much more tolerant to phase noise,-they can tolerate Av up to 0.09 Rh. At the same time, homodyne receivers impose much more stringent requirements on the laser linewidth (Av < 3 . 10-4R,,).

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Section: Receiver Noises and Their Properties A The Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Receiver Noises and Their Properties A The Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Phase Noise On The Pll Performance A Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSK receivers offer an additional sensitivity advantage over ASK/FSK receivers; their sensitivity advantage with respect to the best reported IM/DD systems [21] can be as large as 15 dB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK heterodyne communications systems

Kazovsky

1986

J. Lightwave Technol.

106

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Practical limitations on optical amplifier performance

Fye¹

1984

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A high reliability high sensitivity lightwave receiver for the SL undersea lightwave system

Snodgrass

Klinman

1984

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Undersea lightwave systems need receivers with the utmost in both reliability and sensitivity. Our design has evolved from the type which we provided for an earlier deep-sea trial. The primary features of our present receiver are an InGaAs planar p-i-n photodiode with passivation and antireflection coating and a Si bipolar integrated circuit, both encapsulated in a special chip carrier.Both the photodiode and the amplifier are placed in the same camer so that a direct chipto-chip wire bond can minimize stray capacitance, which helps to maximize sensitivity. The hack-illuminated structure of the photodiode allows the InP substrate to serve as a window in the hermetically sealed carrier. Since both active devices are in a separate package from the passive components, they can undergo the high temperature bake-out and hermetic seal followed by the high temperature high bias purge necessary to assure the reliability of the semiconductors. This optical chip carrier is then mounted inside another hermetic package which contains the passive components, including the optical fiber pigtail, which must undergo bake-out and seal at more moderate temperatures.Within the constraints of reliability, bandwidth, and dynamic range, the physical structure of the integrated circuit and its bias conditions have been chosen to maximize sensitivity. The design of the circuit enables us to select those devices from a production lot which will achieve the highest sensitivity in a completed receiver.This receiver is used in systems operating with NRZ data from 140 to 440 Mbit/s. At 1.3 pm and 2% Mbit/s the mean sensitivity achieved was an average optical power i" = -35.6 dBm for a 10 -' bit error rate (BER), with a best value of -36.3 dBm.This receiver is physically robust, being able to withstand stresses well in excess of those encountered in actual use. Preliminary aging data indicate that a long-term failure rate of less than 2.5 in lo9 device hours can be achieved.

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High-speed operation of InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK heterodyne communications systems

Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK heterodyne communications systems

Practical limitations on optical amplifier performance

A high reliability high sensitivity lightwave receiver for the SL undersea lightwave system

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