High-speed penetration of a projectile into aluminum alloys at low temperatures

Challenges in experimental strain analysis: Interfaces and temperature extremes

“…However, typically, aircraft structures and components are not tested at these low temperatures where changes in the properties of materials may occur, particularly in composites where the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the matrix and fibres can result in the generation of thermal stresses, which might interact with impact damage created during maintenance, take-off and landing, causing microcracks to initiate and propagate at loads well below the ultimate strength of composite materials at low temperatures. 15,16 These issues have been largely ignored due to the difficulty in conducting reliable experiments, and instead, designs include large safety factors to account for uncertainty in structural performance at low temperature, which results in conservative and inefficient designs.…”

Hypervelocity crater formation in aluminum alloys at low temperatures

“…The experimental results on the penetration and perforation of three kinds of aluminum alloys at room temperature and low temperatures were described in a detailed manner in an earlier paper by Tanaka et al [3]. Fig.…”

“…Fig. 3, which is quoted from [3], shows the cross-sectional views of the recovered targets of A5056 at room temperature and low temperatures when the carbon steel projectile was used. It was found that the change of material properties due to decreasing temperature strongly affected the crater formation.…”

“…The impact velocities ranged from about 0.5 to about 3.7 km/s. The present authors studied the penetration and perforation phenomena for almost the same configuration as that mentioned above but in the somewhat lower velocity range from 0.5 to 1.8 km/s [3] and proposed experimental equations for the crater diameter and the crater depth with respect to the impact velocity by comparing with some empirical equations [4][5][6][7][8][9] at normal temperature conditions. However, as shown later in Section 3, a peculiar behavior was found in the relationship between the crater diameter and the impact velocity both at the normal temperatures and low temperatures.…”

Puncture fracture in an aluminum beverage can

“…High velocity refers to an impact at ballistic speeds, generated by a weapon or explosive action (greater than 457 m/s (1500 ft/s)) [3,20,26,27,40,42,44,45]. The experimental phase of this research is typically characterized by assembling a pressurized vessel and firing a projectile at the vessel.…”