High-Speed Photorefractive Response Capability in Triphenylamine Polymer-Based Composites

Tsujimura, Sho; Kinashi, Kenji; Sakai, Wataru; Tsutsumi, Naoto

doi:10.1143/apex.5.064101

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Examples of updatable holography include azobenzene molecules in polymer matrices, [6][7][8] liquid crystals, 9,10 polymeric liquid crystals [11][12][13][14][15] and photorefractive polymers. [16][17][18][19] In particular, azobenzene molecules are the most promising candidates for use in updatable holography because azobenzenes are well-known photosensitive chromophores that undergo trans-cis photoisomerization upon irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength in a solution or in an appropriate host matrix. [20][21][22][23][24] The repetition of such photoisomerization within a host matrix leads to perpendicular alignment of the long axis of the azobenzene chromophore to the electric field vector of the linearly polarized light, which eventually induces anisotropy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

et al. 2016

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For the use of updatable full-color holography in practical applications, azo-carbazole (ACzE) monolithic dyes dispersed in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with high diffraction efficiency, write/delete capabilities and transparency are of extreme importance. We synthesized seven types of novel ACzE monolithic dyes and examined the influence of substituents introduced in the para position of the phenyl ring and the distinct strength of the substituents (NO 2 : NACzE, CN: CACzE, CH 3 CO: AACzE, F: FACzE, CH 3 O: MACzE, OH: HACzE and NH 2 : AmACzE) on the phenyl ring of the ACzEs. Spectroscopic and holographic optical properties, including absorption coefficient α, wavelength dependence of diffraction efficiency η, response time τ, the thickness of the recorded gratings d, the Bragg angle ΔW and the Q-factor, required for the optimization of updatable full-color holograms were investigated. On the basis of the spectroscopic and holographic optical results, the appropriate writing/reading beams were determined as follows: 561/4600 nm for NACzE, 532/4560 nm for CACzE (and AACzE), 491/4530 nm for MACzE (and HACzE). According to the spectroscopic and holographic optical results, we propose here an insight designed to allow updatable full-color holography using ACzEs, and demonstrate a multi-color hologram in MACzE/PMMA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

et al. 2016

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“…61 By changing the sensitizer from TNF to PCBM, the NLO dye from 7-DCST to FDCST, and the plasticizer from DPP to ECZ, the diffraction efficiency of PDAS/2-(4-(azepan-1-yl)-2-fluorobenzylidene (FDCST)/ECZ/6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) improved by 35% and had a response time of 39 ms at 45 V μm − 1 , allowing a demonstration of real-time recording and simultaneously displaying a two-dimensional (2D) holographic images. 62 Furthermore, these changes improved the optical diffraction by up to 90% using the same composites. 63 The development of polyacrylic TPA-based PR polymers has also been reported.…”

Section: Carbazole Trimermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Figure 8 summarizes the commonly used plasticizers. In PR polymers, photoconductive plasticizers such as ECZ, 15,39,44,62,63 carbazoylethylpropionate (CzEPA), 44,52,91 TPA, 62,63 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-diphenylamine (TAA) 41,42 and (4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)methanol (TPAOH) 64 have been commonly used. Photoconductive plasticizers with long alkyl chains, such as 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz), 92 have also been used.…”

Section: Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…91 Using the same PR polymer device, they reconstructed a dynamic 2D hologram with an object image that was supplied from a spatial light modulator at a refresh time of 1 s using the same PVK PR device, 129 and a 50 ms response time using a PDAS-based PR composite of PDAS/FDSCT/ECZ/PCBM (44/35/20/1 by wt.). 62,63 Video-rate updatable hologram imaging was successfully demonstrated on a PDASbased PR composite because of the higher hole mobility of PDAS, which was in the order of 10 −4 -10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . 62 2D holographic images were reconstructed using a 100 mm × 100 mm device that consisted of a PDAA-based PR composite of PDAA/7-DCST/BBP/ PCBM (55/40/4/1 by wt.).…”

Section: Pr Response In a Centrosymmetric Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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This review article describes the current state-of-the-art research on organic photorefractive polymer composites. A historical background on photorefractive materials is first introduced and is followed by a discussion on the opto-physical aspects and the mechanism of photorefractivity. The molecular design of photorefractive polymers and organic compounds is discussed, followed by a discussion on optical applications of the photorefractive polymers. Polymer Journal (2016) 48, 571-588; doi:10.1038/pj.2015.131; published online 27 January 2016 BACKGROUND In this report, the molecular design of organic photorefractive (PR) polymers is reviewed. Organic PR polymers are materials that possess both electro-optical and photoconductive properties. Research on photoconductive polymers, whose pioneering polymer is poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK, PVCz), began in the 1960s. From the 1980s, research on organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been widely conducted in the fields of organic electro-optics and optical nonlinearity. From the 1990s, new technology using organic photorefractivity combined with photoconductive and electro-optical properties was introduced in the field of organic semiconducting materials, 1 and organic light-emitting diodes 2-6 and organic fieldeffect transistors 7 were also debuted in this field. At the same time, the interest of researchers also turned toward the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The transport of charge carriers through photoconductive manifolds is a common phenomenon found in PR, organic light-emitting diode or organic photovoltaic materials. Thus, the development of materials in each field is expected to merge together to trigger the development of novel materials.The PR effect is a well-known phenomenon that is observed in materials in which refractive index modulation is induced by the space-charge field that results from the redistribution of positive and negative charge carriers separated through photo-excitation. 12 This phenomenon was first reported in inorganic crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) and was observed through heterogeneous optically induced refractive indices in 1966. 13 Since then, the PR effect has extensively been investigated in many inorganic crystals, and theoretical approaches have been established to explain this phenomenon. 14 In 1991, 1 the first study of PR polymers reported a low diffraction efficiency of 10 −3 to 1% and a small optical gain of 0.33 cm À1 . In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book

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“…In Tsutsumi's group, using triphenyl amine polymer PR composite, two-dimensional (2D) holograms can be reproduced every 50 ms (20 flames/s) [6], and every 1 s with poly(N-vinylcarbazole) PR composite [7]. With 100  100 mm PR device, 2D holograms are reproduced using poly(4-(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate)-based PR composite [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully updatable holographic stereogram display device based on organic monolithic compound

et al. 2014

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Following former report in Optics Express 21, 19880, (2013), we present here a prototype mobile updatable holographic display system using a holographic stereographic technique with a transparent optical device of PMMA doped organic monolithic compound. 50 or 100 elemental holograms which are a series of pictures of object took from different angles can completely reproduce updatable entire hologram of object. Immediately after recording one holographic stereogram, another holographic stereogram can be over-recorded without erasing. Recorded updatable 3D hologram can be viewable for up to a couple of hours directly on a device without any eye glasses and other tools to magnify images. Hologram can be easily refreshed by overwriting without erasing process. Large size and improved holographic device is also presented.

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High-Speed Photorefractive Response Capability in Triphenylamine Polymer-Based Composites

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

Molecular design of azo-carbazole monolithic dyes for updatable full-color holograms

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Fully updatable holographic stereogram display device based on organic monolithic compound

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