High-speed surface reconstruction of a flying bird using structured-light

Deetjen, Marc E.; Biewener, Andrew A.; Lentink, David

doi:10.1242/jeb.149708

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…If one wants to seek the variation in wing morphing across different flight modes, individuals or species, it would be necessary to obtain the dynamic wing morphing from more than a single wingbeat. For such comparative studies, automatic shape reconstruction techniques would be helpful in drastically reducing the data acquisition time [ 15 , 28 , 36 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are several pioneering works [ 13 , 14 ], the study on dynamic wing morphing is rather new, and only recently have precise measurements via stereo high-speed digital video recordings and three-dimensional reconstruction been performed, partly because such measurements require more than one high-speed camera, which are quite expensive. A minimum of two cameras are required to obtain the three-dimensional rigid body motion via stereo camera calibration, and when an object deforms, three or more cameras are generally necessary (but note the single camera can be used with a light grid [ 15 ]). The development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a numerical simulation technique to obtain the flow field around the animal, is also important because even if one has the dynamic wing morphing data, it is very difficult to precisely reproduce such dynamic shape changes mechanically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, only the arm wing was reconstructed. The complete wing shape during flapping was recently obtained from a barn owl in forward flight [ 28 ], and more recently the wing and body upper surface of the parrotlet was obtained using projected line patterns [ 15 ]. The aerodynamic benefit of the bird wing morphing is not well understood, particularly for flapping flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the dynamic wing morphing of hovering hummingbird

et al. 2017

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Animal wings are lightweight and flexible; hence, during flapping flight their shapes change. It has been known that such dynamic wing morphing reduces aerodynamic cost in insects, but the consequences in vertebrate flyers, particularly birds, are not well understood. We have developed a method to reconstruct a three-dimensional wing model of a bird from the wing outline and the feather shafts (rachides). The morphological and kinematic parameters can be obtained using the wing model, and the numerical or mechanical simulations may also be carried out. To test the effectiveness of the method, we recorded the hovering flight of a hummingbird (Amazilia amazilia) using high-speed cameras and reconstructed the right wing. The wing shape varied substantially within a stroke cycle. Specifically, the maximum and minimum wing areas differed by 18%, presumably due to feather sliding; the wing was bent near the wrist joint, towards the upward direction and opposite to the stroke direction; positive upward camber and the ‘washout’ twist (monotonic decrease in the angle of incidence from the proximal to distal wing) were observed during both half-strokes; the spanwise distribution of the twist was uniform during downstroke, but an abrupt increase near the wrist joint was found during upstroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the dynamic wing morphing of hovering hummingbird

et al. 2017

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“…), walking or running on land (elephants [1,9], horses [10,11], geckos [12,13], etc. ), flying in the sky (bird [14], moths [15], mosquitoes [16,17], etc.). To meet the requirements of a diverse range of animals' studies, investigators have developed numerous motion capture systems to study the locomotion of distinctly different animals with regard to shapes and mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method of Multi-Camera Layout in Motion Capture System for Diverse Small Animals

et al. 2018

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Motion capture based on multi-camera is widely used in the quantification of animal locomotor behaviors and this is one of the main research methods to reveal the physical laws of animal locomotion and to inspire the design and realization of bionic robot. It has been found that the multi-camera layout patterns greatly affect the effect of motion capture. Due to the researches for animals of diverse species, determining the most appropriate layout patterns to achieve excellent capture performance remains an unresolved challenge. To improve the capturing accuracy, this investigation focuses on the method of multi-camera layout as a motion capture system for diverse animals with significant differences in outward appearance characteristics and locomotor behaviors. The demand boundaries of motion capture are determined according to the appearance types (shapes and space volume) and the behavior characteristics of the animals, resulting in the matching principle of the typical multi-camera layout patterns (arch, annular and half-annular) with diverse animals. The results of the calibration experiments show that the average standard deviation rate (ASDR) of multi-camera system in the half-annular layout patterns (0.52%) is apparently smaller than that of the other two patterns, while its intersecting volume is the largest among the three patterns. The ASDR at different depths of field in a half-annular layout demonstrate that the greater depth of field is conducive to improving the precision of the motion capture system. Laboratory experiments of the motion capture for small animals (geckos and spiders) employed the multi-camera system locked in the 3-D force measuring platform in a half-annular layout pattern indicate that the ASDR of them could reach less than 3.8% and their capturing deviation rate (ACDR) are respectively 3.43% and 1.74%. In this report, the correlations between the motion capture demand boundaries of small animals and the characteristics of the multi-camera layout patterns were determined to advance the motion capture experimental technology for all kinds of small animals, which can provide effective support for the understanding of animal locomotion.

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“…However, these markers can potentially disturb 36 natural movement and behaviour, especially when used on small animals. 37 A novel recent approach uses structured light illumination produced by a laser system in 38 combination a high-speed video camera to reconstruct the wing kinematics of a freely flying 39 parrotlet at 3200 frames/second (Deetjen et al, 2017). However, this impressive capability 40 comes at the cost of some complexity, and works best if the bird possesses a highly reflective 41 plumage of a single colour (preferably white).…”

Section: Introduction 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Reconstruction of Bird Flight Trajectories Using a Single Video Camera

Srinivasan

Schiffner

2018

Preprint

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7Video cameras are finding increasing use in the study and analysis of bird flight over short 8 ranges. However, reconstruction of flight trajectories in three dimensions typically requires 9 the use of multiple cameras and elaborate calibration procedures. We present an alternative 10 approach that uses a single video camera and a simple calibration procedure for the 11 reconstruction of such trajectories. The technique combines prior knowledge of the bird's 12 wingspan with a camera calibration procedure that needs to be used only once in the system's 13 lifetime. The system delivers the exact 3D coordinates of the bird at the time of every full 14 wing extension, and uses interpolated height estimates to compute the 3D positions of the 15 bird in the video frames between successive wing extensions. The system is inexpensive, 16 compact and portable, and can be easily deployed in the laboratory as well as the field. 17 18 19 GPS-based tracking methods (e.g. Bouten et al., 2013) are useful for mapping long-range 43 flights of birds, for example, but are not feasible in indoor laboratory settings, where GPS 44 signals are typically unavailable or do not provide sufficiently accurate positioning. 45 Furthermore, they require the animal to carry a GPS receiver, which can affect the flight of a 46 small animal. 47

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High-speed surface reconstruction of a flying bird using structured-light

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Quantifying the dynamic wing morphing of hovering hummingbird

Quantifying the dynamic wing morphing of hovering hummingbird

The Method of Multi-Camera Layout in Motion Capture System for Diverse Small Animals

3D Reconstruction of Bird Flight Trajectories Using a Single Video Camera

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