High-speed treadmill videoendoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract in the horse: The results of 291 clinical cases

Blood gases of horses subjected to jugular vein occlusion during treadmill exercise

“…Upper airway diseases are known to impair the performance of racehorses more markedly than those of horses exercising at less strenuous levels, such as dressage horses or showjumpers ( VAN ERCK-WESTERGREN et al, 2013). Considering this fact, the absence of differences among tests could be attributed to the submaximal exercise level applied in this study.…”

“…The PO 2 and PCO 2 data are displayed in table 2. Regardless the disorder involving the upper airway, a reduced level of ventilation can be detected objectively by the determination of arterial blood gas tensions ( VAN ERCK-WESTERGREN et al, 2013). The decreased arterial PO 2 detected during ET2 and ET3 could be related to ventilation impairment due to upper airway edema following venous congestion, as reported for clinical cases of occlusive thrombophlebitis (EDENS, 1999;BONAGURA, 2010).…”

“…E-mail: nara.sb@gmail.com * Author for correspondence As a result of their evolution as grazing animals running on the ancient prairies of Asia, horses are athletes by nature, and their superior ability to perform physical activities is attributable to their high aerobic capacity . Therefore, considering that aerobic metabolism is the predominant energy pathway for most sports, any disease that impairs ventilation could decrease performance ( VAN ERCK-WESTERGREN et al, 2013). Disorders involving the upper respiratory tract, such as dorsal displacement of the soft palate, axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds and idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia, have been identified as important causes of poor performance in athletic horses.…”

“…Disorders involving the upper respiratory tract, such as dorsal displacement of the soft palate, axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds and idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia, have been identified as important causes of poor performance in athletic horses. These diseases limit ventilation through dynamic obstruction of the upper airways (MARTIN et al, 2000;TAN et al, 2005).…”

Bilateraler dynamischer Kehlkopfkollaps in Zusammenhang mit der Kopf-Halshaltung im Tölt bei einem Islandpferd

“…Left sided arytenoid cartilage collapse, vocal fold collapse and axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds are the most common disorders affecting the larynx (Tan et al 2005.These disorders are most often present regardless of head and neck position. Bilateral vocal fold and arytenoid cartilage collapse associated with poll flexion is a newly described disorder most frequently diagnosed in Norwegian Coldblooded Trotters (Strand et al 2004, Fjordbakk et al 2008).…”