High Spin-Chern-Number Insulator in $α$-Antimonene with a Hidden Topological Phase

Abstract

In investigating the topological electronic structures of monolayer α-phase group V elements, we uncover a new topological phase, which is invisible in the symmetry-based topological quantum chemistry (TQC) as well as symmetry indicators (SIs). Since α phase As and Sb share the same band representations at high-symmetry points, they are both trivial insulators in terms of TQC and SIs. We demonstrate, however, that there is a topological phase transition between As and Sb that involves a band-gap closing at two k-points on the high-symmetry X-Γ-X line. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), As is a trivial insulator, while Sb is a Dirac semimetal with four Dirac points (DPs) located away from the high-symmetry lines. Inclusion of Sz-conserved SOC gaps out the Dirac points and induces a nontrivial Berry curvature and drives Sb into a high spin Chern number topological phase. The band structure of α-Bi differs from that of Sb by a band inversion at Γ, transforming Bi into a Z2 topological insulator. Our study shows that quantized spin Hall conductivity can serve as a topological invariant beyond Z2 for characterizing topological phases.