High Strain Rate Characterization of Shock Absorbing Materials for Landmine Protection Concepts

McArthur, Jennifer; Salisbury, Christopher; Cronin, Duane S.; Worswick, Michael J.; Williams, Kevin

doi:10.1155/2003/961910

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Apparently the stress–strain curves for D3O, PORON XRD, and DEFLEXION are obviously different at different compression rates, implying their different sensitivities to the compression rate, consistent with those for other polymer foaming materials. 29,30 The dependences of compressive mechanical parameters on the compression rate are further analyzed, and the results are presented below. The Young’s modulus for compression, E lin , is defined as the elastic modulus in the initial elasticity region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependences of Rheological and Compression Mechanical Properties on Cellular Structures for Impact-Protective Materials

et al. 2017

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In this study, three typical impact-protective materials, D3O, PORON XRD, and DEFLEXION were chosen to explore the dependences of rheological and compression mechanical properties on the internal cellular structures with polymer matrix characteristics, which were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The rheological property of these three foaming materials were examined using a rheometer, and the mechanical property in a compression mode was further examined using an Instron universal tensile testing machine. The dependences of rheological parameters, such as dynamic moduli, normalized moduli, and loss tangent, on angular frequency, and the dependences of mechanical properties in compression, such as the degree of strain-hardening, hysteresis, and elastic recovery, on the strain rate for D3O, PORON XRD, and DEFLEXION can be well-correlated with their internal cellular structural parameters, revealing, for example, that D3O and PORON XRD exhibit simultaneously high strength and great energy loss in a high-frequency impact, making them suitable for use as soft, close-fitting materials; however, DEFLEXION dissipates much energy whether it suffers a large strain rate or not, making it suitable for use as a high-risk impact-protective material. The rheometry and compression tests used in this study can provide the basic references for selecting and characterizing certain impact-protective materials for applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependences of Rheological and Compression Mechanical Properties on Cellular Structures for Impact-Protective Materials

et al. 2017

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“…In the traditional SHPB experiments, the bars are commonly made of metal, and its wave impedance matches that of the specimen tested. Recently, with the continuous development of materials science, a large number of new materials have emerged [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Among them, polyurea, rubber, and foam materials have received increasing attention in packaging, transportation, military protection, and other fields, and their dynamic characteristics under impact loading have been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Attenuation and Dispersion in a 6 mm Diameter Viscoelastic Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Its Correction Method

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2020

Shock and Vibration

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The propagation characteristics of viscoelastic waves have been investigated with a 6 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The strain signals in SHPB tests were improved by the pulse shaping technique. Based on the experimentally determined propagation coefficients, the amplitude attenuation and wave dispersion induced by viscoelastic effects at different impact velocities were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the high-frequency harmonics attenuate faster in a higher phase velocity. With an increase in the impact velocity, the amplitude attenuation of the viscoelastic wave changes slightly during propagation, while the waveform dispersion gradually intensifies. A feasible method by waveform prediction was proposed to verify the validity and applicability of the propagation coefficient. The results indicate that the strain obtained from the small diameter viscoelastic SHPB can be effectively modified by utilizing the propagation coefficient. Furthermore, it is preferred to adopt the propagation coefficient obtained at low impact velocity for correction when the impact velocity varies. Moreover, the PMMA-steel bar impact test was performed to further illustrate the accuracy of the propagation coefficient and the effectiveness of the correction method.

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“…This discrepancy highlights the importance of creating as representative an environment as possible during experimentation, to allow reasonable extrapolation of data and meaningful conclusions. The behaviour of foams is strain-rate dependent with stiffer behaviour corresponding to the increase in strain-rate, therefore energy absorbed for any given strain-rate is not all encompassing [34,35,36,37,38,39,40]. Whilst there has been substantial research into blunt impact and ballistic penetration resistance of helmets, much less work has been published on the blastwave in isolation, and lesser still utilising experimental work to validate simulations [17,21,41,42].…”

Section: Energy Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the blast response of foam inserts for helmets

Bloodworth-Race

Critchley

Hazael

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Modern era combat helmets have different iterations and configurations to offer greater protection from blunt impact or ballistic penetration to suit the theatre of operation, although there are currently no standards for blast protection. Moreover, incorporation of blast protection into the same constrained mass-volume envelope is extremely challenging as there is very little space for a material to absorb or dissipate the shockwave. Foam padding is fitted in contemporary combat helmet designs for comfort and standoff purposes. Examples were subjected to blastwaves generated from an air-driven shocktube, along with open cell polyurethane foam specimens of varying pores per inch and thicknesses to. Whilst the range of samples tested did not afford any superior blast mitigation behaviour over the foam already present in helmets, they exhibited comparable performance with a lower mass. There also appears to be positive correlation between increased mass and increased impulse transmitted through the foam. The literature suggests that multiple mechanisms of damage for blast induced mild Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) can be caused by the helmet itself, therefore additional protection from a blunt or ballistic impact may increase the risk of damage from a blast insult.

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High Strain Rate Characterization of Shock Absorbing Materials for Landmine Protection Concepts

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Dependences of Rheological and Compression Mechanical Properties on Cellular Structures for Impact-Protective Materials

Dependences of Rheological and Compression Mechanical Properties on Cellular Structures for Impact-Protective Materials

Wave Attenuation and Dispersion in a 6 mm Diameter Viscoelastic Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Its Correction Method

Testing the blast response of foam inserts for helmets

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