High strength and bioactive hydroxyapatite nano-particles reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

Biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates

“…These studies covered biocomposites with PLA 663 and many other biocompatible hybrid formulations. 279,320,335,417,[664][665][666][667][668][669][670][671][672][673][674][675][676][677][678][679][680][681][682][683] Furthermore, each of the aforementioned formulations might be covered by a layer of nanodimensional calcium orthophosphate, as was done by Zandi et al, who coated a biocomposite of nano-sized rods HA with gelatin by nano-sized HA. Several nanodimensional biocomposites were found to be applicable as carriers for delivery of drugs and growth factors 38,685-687 and were promising as vectors with ultra high gene loading and transfection efficiency.…”

“…102 In addition to HAPEX TM , other types of HA/PE biocomposites are also known. [276][277][278][279][280][281][282] Both linear and branched PE were used as a matrix, and the biocomposites with the former were found to give a higher modulus. 277 The reinforcing mechanisms in calcium orthophosphate/ polymer biocomposites have yet to be convincingly disclosed.…”

Biomechanical Properties of Dispersep Article Reinforced Polymer Composites on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)

“…UHMWPE nanocomposites filled with micro-and nanodispersed fillers are now actively exploring objects in medical materials science [9][10][11][12][13]. However, the discussions on loading nanoparticles into the implants made of UHMWPE is still controversial, and the choice of biocompatible fillers is extremely limited [13].…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Uhmwpe Reinforced by Forsterite Nano Crystallites as an Implant Biocomposite

“…This is while such materials have developed remarkably in orthopaedic uses thanks to their appropriate biological and mechanical properties [3]. Polyethylene composite reinforced by Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the best polymer nano-composites for implantation [2,4]; nonetheless, having low yield stress compared to cortical bone, confines its application to non-load bearing implants only [4].…”

“…Numerous ways have been tested to develop mechanical properties of bio-composites and extend their uses as implants [3]. One of them is using stronger polymers as the matrix of bio-composites [3]; for example, up to now, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) [5] and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) [6] have been put to use as a matrix of bio-composite implants in order to enhance the stiffness and strength of such materials; nonetheless, they are too brittle to be made as a suitable replacement for human bones [3].…”