High strength and high conductivity Cu alloys: A review

Yang, Hanyu; Ma, Zhiwei; Lei, Chenhui; Meng, Liang; Fang, Youtong; Liu, Jiabin; Wang, Hong-Tao

doi:10.1007/s11431-020-1633-8

Cited by 96 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Copper matrix composites (CMCs) are widely used in many fields, such as electronics, machinery, and transportation, due to their excellent electrical, thermal conductivity, and tribological properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Copper-based friction materials(CBFMs) are used in brake components such as high-speed trains, wind power generation, and aircraft and play a vital role in their safe and stable operation [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Zhuang

Tong

et al. 2023

Materials

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Because of the excellent thermal conduction, corrosion resistance, and tribological properties, copper-based friction materials (CBFMs) were widely used in airplanes, high-speed trains, and wind power generation. With operating speed continuously increasing, CBFMs are suffering more complicated and extreme working conditions, which would cause abnormal abrasion. This paper presents an experiment to investigate how the tribological behaviors of CBFMs are regulated by granulation technology. Samples were prepared by the method of granulation and cool-pressed sinter. The tribological properties of specimens with different granule sizes were studied. The results showed that granulation could improve the tribological properties of CBFMs. The friction coefficient (COF) increased first and then decreased with increasing granule size. Specimen fabricated with 5–8 mm granules obtained the lowest COF, which was reduced by 22.49% than that made of powders. Moreover, the wear rate decreased first and then increased as granule size increased. The wear rate of samples prepared by granules 3–5 mm was lower than that of all of the other samples. This is because the structured samples prepared by wet granulation can promote the formation of secondary plateaus, which are beneficial for enhancing tribological properties. This makes granulation a promising method for enhancing the tribological performances of CBFMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Zhuang

Tong

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…A combination of ECAE-Conform with other methods of plastic deformation may be quite beneficial. Rolling is one of the industrially significant methods of plastic deformation and has proven to be an effective one for the hardening of copper alloys [42][43][44][45][46]. The formation of a sharp texture during rolling makes it possible to implement an additional textural strengthening [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regularities of Microstructure Evolution in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy during Severe Plastic Deformation

et al. 2022

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The effect of severe plastic deformation by the conforming process of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE-Conform) followed by cold rolling on the microstructures developed in a Cu-0.1Cr-0.1Zr alloy was investigated. Following the ECAE-Conform of 1 to 8 passes (corresponding strains were 0.8 to 6.4) cold rolling to a total strain of 4 was accompanied by substantial grain refinement and strengthening. An average grain size tended to approach 160 nm with an increase in the rolling reduction. An increase in the ECAE-Conform strain promoted the grain refinement during subsequent cold rolling. The fraction of the ultrafine grains with a size of 160 nm after cold rolling to a strain of 4 increased from 0.12 to 0.52 as the number of ECAE-Conform passes increased from 1 to 8. Correspondingly, the yield strength increased above 550 MPa. The strengthening could be expressed by a Hall–Petch type relationship with a grain size strengthening factor of 0.11 MPa m0.5.

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“…With the rapid development of high-speed electrified railways, researchers showed increasing interest in higher requirements for the performance of contact line materials (higher strength, higher conductivity, higher antisoftening temperature and good plasticity). [1][2][3] Cu-Cr-Zr alloy has become a research hotspot in recent decades due to its advantages to meet these requirements, [4][5][6][7] and previous researchers have shown its importance in the high-speed rail network. 2,6,[8][9][10][11][12] Cu-Cr-Zr alloy used in contact wires are usually produced by semi-continuous casting and cold working.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Cu-Cr-Zr alloy has become a research hotspot in recent decades due to its advantages to meet these requirements, [4][5][6][7] and previous researchers have shown its importance in the high-speed rail network. 2,6,[8][9][10][11][12] Cu-Cr-Zr alloy used in contact wires are usually produced by semi-continuous casting and cold working. [13][14][15][16] Since cold deformation introduces dislocations, twinning and residual stress, which are considered to be important during preparation process for improving the strength of materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low cycle fatigue behavior of Cu‐Cr‐Zr alloy with different cold deformation

Chen

Xiao

Xiong

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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The present study addressed the cyclic deformation behavior and fatigue properties of Cu‐0.69Cr‐0.07Zr alloy with different cold deformation (ε = 64%, 75%, and 84%) using low cycle fatigue test. Low cycle fatigue tests were conducted under fully‐reversed conditions at different total strain amplitudes. The microstructure changes and fatigue fracture characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The main findings suggest that the Bauschinger effect was significantly stronger with larger deformation at low total strain amplitude. And it was proved that the relationship between the total strain amplitude and the low cycle fatigue life of Cu‐Cr‐Zr alloy with different deformation can be expressed by the Manson–Coffin–Basquin formula. Further, the reason for the fatigue life was shorter and the cyclic softening rate decreased faster at high applied total strain amplitude was that the dislocation density decreased due to the rearrangement of the dislocations.

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High strength and high conductivity Cu alloys: A review

Cited by 96 publications

References 96 publications

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Regularities of Microstructure Evolution in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy during Severe Plastic Deformation

Low cycle fatigue behavior of Cu‐Cr‐Zr alloy with different cold deformation

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