High strength bonding of titanium to stainless steel using an Ag interlayer

Lee, Jung G.; Hong, Soon‐Jik; Lee, M.K.; Rhee, Chang Kyu

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.10.045

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The formation of the Cu 4 Ti 3 phase (layer 5) in the SS/Ti BZ was also reported in other investigations. [12,13,20,[34][35][36] However, contrary to the present observations, Shiue et al [19] and Shafiei et al [20] reported the formation of the Cu 4 Ti phase in the BZ, whereas they did not report the formation of Cu 3 Ti 2 phase which formed conspicuously in the present study. Andrieux et al [40] in an experimental investigation on the phase stability study on the Cu-Ti system showed that the Cu 3 Ti 2 phase is stable and can form by solid state reaction in a temperature range of 1063 K to 1133 K (790 C to 860 C).…”

Section: B Phase Formation In the Braze Zonecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…[12,13,20,34,35] This phase also formed in the interaction zone during the solid-liquid reaction between Ti and Ag-Cu alloys [19,36] and solid-solid reactive diffusion between Ti and Cu. [29] Laik et al [29] demonstrated that during the reactive diffusion of Cu and Ti, CuTi is the first one to form in the diffusion zone, using the ''effective heat of formation model.''…”

Section: B Phase Formation In the Braze Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The development of a suitable brazing technique essentially incorporates an in-depth understanding of the interfacial chemical reactions and identifying the mechanisms of these reactions, which can be used to optimize the bonding conditions, and hence achieve desirable properties of the joints. Recently, Shiue et al [19] have demonstrated the formation of layers of intermetallic compounds during reactive wetting of Ag-28Cu braze alloy with Ti substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Laik

Shirzadi

Sharma

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions during vacuum brazing of grade-2 Ti and 304L-type stainless steel (SS) using eutectic alloy Ag-28 wt pct Cu were investigated. A thin Ni-depleted zone of a-Fe(Cr, Ni) solid solution formed on the SS-side of the braze zone (BZ). Cu from the braze alloy, in combination with the dissolved Fe and Ti from the base materials, formed a layer of ternary compound s 2 , adjacent to Ti in the BZ. In addition, four binary intermetallic compounds, Cu 3 Ti 2 , Cu 4 Ti 3 , CuTi and CuTi 2 formed as parallel contiguous layers in the BZ. The unreacted Ag solidified as islands within the layers of Cu 3 Ti 2 and Cu 4 Ti 3 . Formation of an amorphous phase at certain locations in the BZ could be revealed. The b-Ti(Cu) layer, formed due to diffusion of Cu into Ti-based material, transformed to an a-Ti + CuTi 2 eutectoid with lamellar morphology. Tensile test showed that the brazed joints had strength of 112 MPa and failed at the BZ. The possible sequence of events that led to the final microstructure and the mode of failure of these joints were delineated.

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Section: B Phase Formation In the Braze Zonecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: B Phase Formation In the Braze Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Laik

Shirzadi

Sharma

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Silver and silver alloys have been studied due to its low melting point and high compatibility towards Fe. In [7], J. Lee et al used an Ag interlayer of 20 and 40 μm to braze titanium and stainless steel. The brazing material remained in the centre of the weld and prevented the formation of the brittle Fe-Ti IMCs and substitute them to AgTi IMCs which improved the joint strength considerably.…”

Section: Weld Metal Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissimilar metal joining of stainless steel and titanium using copper as transition metal

Pardal

Ganguly

Williams

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Joining of stainless steel and titanium dissimilar metal combination has a specific interest in the nuclear industry. Due to the metallurgical incompatibility, it has been very difficult to produce reliable joints between these metals due to the formation of FeTi and Fe 2 Ti types of intermetallic compounds. The metallurgical incompatibility between both materials is enhanced by the time-temperature profile of the welding process used. Brittle intermetallics (IMCs) are formed during FeTi welding (FeTi and Fe 2 Ti). The present study uses the low thermal heat input process cold metal transfer (CMT), when compared with conventional GMAW, to deposit a copper (Cu) bead between Ti and stainless steel. Cu is compatible with Fe, and it has a lower melting point than the two base materials. The welds were produced between AMS 4911L (Ti-6Al-4V) and AISI 316L stainless steel using a CuSi-3 welding wire. The joints produced revealed two IM layers located near the parent metals/weld interfaces. The hardness of these layers is higher than the remainder of the weld bead. Tensile tests were carried out with a maximum strength of 200 MPa, but the interfacial failure could not be avoided. Ti atomic migration was observed during experimental trials; however, the IMC formed are less brittle than FeTi, inducing higher mechanical properties.

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“…[3] However, in spite of such vital applications, success in producing reliable and strong Ti-SS joints has been limited, primarily due to the lack of metallurgical compatibility that leads to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds between these materials. [4][5][6][7] A review of the literature reveals that the existing methods of joining Ti and its alloys to SS include fusion welding, solid-state diffusion bonding, and vacuum brazing. [8] Conventional fusion welding has not been a good choice since it needs to be performed in inert atmosphere due to the reactive nature of Ti, and the significant difference in physico-chemical properties of the two materials that lead to chemical, mechanical, and structural inhomogeneities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Active Metal Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium

Laik

Shirzadi

Tewari

et al. 2013

Metall Mater Trans A

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Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions during active metal vacuum brazing of Ti (grade-2) and stainless steel (SS 304L) using a Ag-based alloy containing Cu, Ti, and Al was investigated. A Ni-depleted solid solution layer and a discontinuous layer of (Ni,Fe) 2 TiAl intermetallic compound formed on the SS surface and adjacent to the SS-braze alloy interface, respectively. Three parallel contiguous layers of intermetallic compounds, CuTi, AgTi, and (Ag,Cu)Ti 2 , formed at the Ti-braze alloy interface. The diffusion path for the reaction at this interface was established. Transmission electron microscopy revealed formation of nanocrystals of Ag-Cu alloy of size ranging between 20 and 30 nm in the unreacted braze alloy layer. The interdiffusion zone of b-Ti(Ag,Cu) solid solution, formed on the Ti side of the joint, showed eutectoid decomposition to lamellar colonies of a-Ti and internally twinned (Cu,Ag)Ti 2 intermetallic phase, with an orientation relationship between the two. Bend tests indicated that the failure in the joints occurred by formation and propagation of the crack mostly along the Tibraze alloy interface, through the (Ag,Cu)Ti 2 phase layer.

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High strength bonding of titanium to stainless steel using an Ag interlayer

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Dissimilar metal joining of stainless steel and titanium using copper as transition metal

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Active Metal Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium

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