High-strength, lightweight, co-extruded wood flour-polyvinyl chloride/lumber composites: Effects of wood content in shell layer on mechanical properties, creep resistance, and dimensional stability

Zong, Guanggong; Hao, Xiaolong; Hao, Jianwei; Tang, Wei; Fang, Yiqun; Ou, Rongxian; Wang, Qingwen

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118860

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These characteristics make WPCs appealing materials for non-structural constructions, such as decking, fencing, sidings, railings and door profiles [17]. Various grades of polyethylene [13], polypropylene [15,18], polystyrene [19], polyvinyl chloride [20] and poly methyl methacrylate [21] polymers are extensively utilized as WPC matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Behavior of Polypropylene during Reprocessing and Its Biocomposites: Thermal and Oxidative Degradation Kinetics

2020

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Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to investigate the degradation of polypropylene (PP) during simulated product manufacturing in a secondary process and wood–plastic composites. Multiple batch mixing cycles were carried out to mimic the actual recycling. Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), Friedman, Kissinger and Augis models were employed to calculate the apparent activation energy (Ea). Experimental investigation using TGA indicated that the thermograms of PP recyclates shifted to lower temperatures, revealing the presence of an accelerated degradation process induced by the formation of radicals during chain scission. Reprocessing for five cycles led to roughly a 35% reduction in ultimate mixing torque, and a more than 400% increase in the melt flow rate of PP. Ea increased with the extent of degradation (α), and the dependency intensified with the reprocessing cycles. In biocomposites, despite the detectable degradation steps of wood and PP in thermal degradation, a partial coincidence of degradation was observed under air. Deconvolution was employed to separate the overlapped cellulose and PP peaks. Under nitrogen, OFW estimations for the deconvoluted PP exposed an upward shift of Ea at the whole range of α due to the high thermal absorbance of the wood chars. Under air, the Ea of deconvoluted PP showed an irregular rise in the initial steps, which could be related to the high volume of evolved volatiles from the wood reducing the oxygen diffusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Behavior of Polypropylene during Reprocessing and Its Biocomposites: Thermal and Oxidative Degradation Kinetics

2020

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“…Due to the intrinsic flame retardance of PVC, PVC-based WPCs are especially suitable for domestic applications. Researchers studied a few PVC-based WPCs with various lignocellulose resources, including eucalyptus wood, rice husk, bamboo, CS, and sisal ( Petchwattana et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2017 ; Chen J. et al, 2018 ; Zong et al, 2020 ; Qi et al, 2021 ). Wood flour treated with an aminosilane modifier was reported to provide improved mechanical properties ( Yim and Kim, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride-Based Wood–Plastic Composites With Pretreated Corn Stalk

Shen

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are a type of environmentally friendly materials widely used in daily life. This paper selected low-value biomass, corn stalk (CS), as the lignocellulosic resource for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based WPCs. To depict the relationship between lignocellulosic composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and mechanical performance of WPCs, pretreatments have been optimized to selective removal of lignin using an alkaline-EtOH stewing process and selective removal of hemicellulose using an acid stewing process. The αC sample, in which both lignin and hemicellulose were removed, shows the highest degree of crystallinity (72.60%) as estimated from X-ray diffraction analysis results and fibrous morphology with the highest aspect ratio as seen in scanning electron microscopy images. Compared with PVC/CS, PVC/αC gives a substantial increase in tensile strength and modulus by 37.21 and 21.66% and flexural strength and modulus by 29.98 and 34.88%, respectively. These improvements lie in the reinforcing effect of a fibrous structure and the improved interfacial compatibility as proven by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analyzer results. Considering the extracted lignin and hemicellulose can be further developed to valuable biochemicals, the pretreatment to CS adds value to both WPC materials and biorefinery products.

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“…Maleated polypropylene (MAPP) and poly methylene-polyphenyl isocyanate (PMPPIC) are the best compatibilizers for the WF-PVC composite [ 8 , 71 ]. Lubricants, dyes, impact modifiers, and thermal stabilizers are other additives that could be used for the WF-PVC bonding [ 74 , 75 ]. These additives are required to improve the mechanical properties of the manufactured composites [ 76 ].…”

Section: Wood Fiber-poly Vinyl Chloride Blendmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of the polyolefin composites and their properties

Elgharbawy

Ali

2022

Heliyon

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High-strength, lightweight, co-extruded wood flour-polyvinyl chloride/lumber composites: Effects of wood content in shell layer on mechanical properties, creep resistance, and dimensional stability

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Degradation Behavior of Polypropylene during Reprocessing and Its Biocomposites: Thermal and Oxidative Degradation Kinetics

Degradation Behavior of Polypropylene during Reprocessing and Its Biocomposites: Thermal and Oxidative Degradation Kinetics

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride-Based Wood–Plastic Composites With Pretreated Corn Stalk

A comprehensive review of the polyolefin composites and their properties

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