High‐Strength Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels for Artificial Cartilage

Suzuki, Atsushi; Murakami, Teruo

doi:10.1002/9781119075691.ch21

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Direct observation of the hydrogels allows us to clearly distinguish between CD and FT hydrogels: while the former are all transparent, the latter present a milky, white appearance. Similar findings are reported by other authors, which attributed it to differences in the network structure, as will be discussed below [11,26,27].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Contrarily to CD materials, FT gels exhibit a porous surface, even in the absence of salts. Suzuki et al [26] state that PVA hydrogels prepared both by CD and FT consist of swollen amorphous networks that are physically crosslinked by microcrystallites. The nanostructures of both types of hydrogels are similar, with small differences in terms of the average size of the microcrystallites and average distance between them [12,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribomechanical Comparison between PVA Hydrogels Obtained Using Different Processing Conditions and Human Cartilage

et al. 2019

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Designing materials for cartilage replacement raises several challenges due to the complexity of the natural tissue and its unique tribomechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have been explored for such purpose since they are biocompatible, present high chemical stability, and their properties may be tailored through different strategies. In this work, the influence of preparation conditions of PVA hydrogels on its morphology, water absorption capacity, thermotropic behavior, mechanical properties, and tribological performance was evaluated and compared with those of human cartilage (HC). The hydrogels were obtained by cast-drying (CD) and freeze-thawing (FT), in various conditions. It was found that the method of preparation of the PVA hydrogels critically affects their microstructure and performance. CD gels presented a denser structure, absorbed less water, were stiffer, dissipated less energy, and withstood higher loads than FT gels. Moreover, they led to friction coefficients against stainless steel comparable with those of HC. Overall, CD hydrogels had a closer performance to natural HC, when compared to FT ones.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribomechanical Comparison between PVA Hydrogels Obtained Using Different Processing Conditions and Human Cartilage

et al. 2019

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“…In particular, the stress along the ⊥–direction was less than half as much, though it was nevertheless comparable to the nominal stress of a CD gel. To further explore the potential of this strengthening mechanism, the authors are currently developing a lamination method and hybrid techniques incorporating FT and CD gels, which shall be discussed in future publication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear force of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels with different submicrometer‐scale network structures

Noh

Bando

Ota

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gels can be easily prepared by either the freeze‐thawing (FT gel) method or by the cast‐drying (CD gel) method. Although the resulting nanostructured networks of the FT and CD gels are similar, their physical properties are quite different; while CD gels are transparent and elastic, FT gels are opaque and less elastic. Moreover, the tear energy of the FT gels is much greater than that of the CD gels, which is a direct result of micrometer‐scale differences in their network structures. In order to control the distribution of microcrystallites on nano‐ and micrometer scales, FT gels were prepared from PVA solutions with different water contents. As a result, the gel gradually became more transparent as the initial water content was decreased; and accordingly, the tear energy decreased. Tear resistance was improved in the case of FT gels by repeating the number of FT cycles, whereas with CD gels, this was achieved by increasing the gelation temperature. These results indicate that the microscopic network structures are characterized by a micrometer‐scale bundled‐polymer (fibril), which determines the tear energy of FT gels. Simple methods to control the fibril network structure of FT gels using a unidirectional freezing method are presented herein, with the swelling and mechanical properties of modified FT gels discussed in terms of their multiple‐scale network structures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41356.

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“…Although the network nanostructures of FT and CD gels are similar, CD gels are transparent and elastic, whereas FT gels are opaque and stiffer (Figure 1). 49,50…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels

Suzuki

Sasaki

2015

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are versatile biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility. In the past decades, physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogels have been extensively studied for biomedical applications. However, these materials have not yet been implemented due to their mechanical strength. Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels consist of a swollen amorphous network of poly(vinyl alcohol) physically crosslinked by microcrystallites. Although the mechanical properties can be improved to some extent by controlling the distribution of microcrystallites on the nano- and micro-scales, enhancing the mechanical properties while maintaining high water content remains very difficult. It may be technologically impossible to significantly improve the mechanical properties while keeping the gel's high water absorbance ability using conventional fabrication methods. Physical and chemical understandings of the swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are considered here; some promising strategies for their practical applications are presented. This review focuses more on the recent studies on swelling and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels, prepared using only poly(vinyl alcohol) and pure water with no other chemicals, as potential biomedical materials.

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High‐Strength Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels for Artificial Cartilage

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Tribomechanical Comparison between PVA Hydrogels Obtained Using Different Processing Conditions and Human Cartilage

Tribomechanical Comparison between PVA Hydrogels Obtained Using Different Processing Conditions and Human Cartilage

Tear force of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels with different submicrometer‐scale network structures

Swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels

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