High-strength Ti–6Al–4V with ultrafine-grained structure fabricated by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering

Long, Yan; Zhang, Hongying; Wang, Tao; Huang, Xiaolong; Li, Yuanyuan; Wu, Jingshen; Chen, Haibin

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.078

Cited by 102 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A new hybrid powder metallurgy approach combining accelerated sintering with hot forging, could provide designers with the option to engineer future components with sections containing dissimilar titanium alloys, thus integrating controlled changes in properties across the component. a solid-state powder processing method known as field assisted sintering technology (FAST) or spark plasma sintering (SPS) is emerging as a flexible powder consolidated route for titanium alloys [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. When compared to conventional powder processing and sintering methods, FAST is advantageous due to an electrical current, which has been shown to provide faster heating rates and consolidation compared to conventional sintering [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Pope

Jackson

2019

Metals

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Material reductions, weight savings, design optimisation, and a reduction in the environmental impact can be achieved by improving the performance of near-net shape (NNS) titanium alloy components. The method demonstrated in this paper is to use a solid-state approach, which includes diffusion bonding discrete layers of dissimilar titanium alloy powders (CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr) using field-assisted sintering technology (FAST), followed by subsequent forging steps. This article demonstrates the hybrid process route, firstly through small-scale uni-axial compression tests and secondly through closed-die forging of dissimilar titanium alloy FAST preforms into an NNS (near-net shape) component. In order to characterise and simulate the underlying forging behaviour of dissimilar alloy combinations, uni-axial compression tests of FAST cylindrical samples provided flow stress behaviour and the effect of differing alloy volume fractions on the resistance to deformation and hot working behaviour. Despite the mismatch in the magnitude of flow stress between alloys, excellent structural bond integrity is maintained throughout. This is also reflected in the comparatively uncontrolled closed-die forging of the NNS demonstrator components. Microstructural analysis across the dissimilar diffusion bond line was undertaken in the components and finite element modelling software reliably predicts the strain distribution and bond line flow behaviour during the multi-step forging process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Pope

Jackson

2019

Metals

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“…The temperature of ECAP is about 600 C for titanium. This temperature is reasonably favorable because it is prominently lower than that adopted by powder metallurgy such as spark plasma sintering (at 850 C) 12) . It is speculated that the recycling value of titanium wastage would be improved with the application of ECAP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Development of High Ductility and Adequate Strength in Pure Titanium Recycled from Chips by Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Luo

2018

Mater. Trans.

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Pure titanium chips were consolidated by a solid-state recycling process in the form of multi-pass equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with the number of passes up to 16 passes. Electron backscatter diffraction reveals that low angle grain boundaries (with misorientation <15) were substantially presented within coarse grains which were enclosed by high angle grain boundaries (≥15). Adequate yield strength (above 300 MPa) was achieved. It was contributed not only by high angle grain boundary, but also low angle grain boundary. At the same time, high ductility (with a uniform elongation up to 27%) is derived from the strain hardening owing to the existence of low angle grain boundaries and coarse grains. The mechanical properties of the recycled titanium are good enough to compare with those of the reference ingot subjected to the multi-pass ECAP.

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“…The casting is more commonly used in comparison with the forging due to the high potential process of the complex structural components and high utilization of raw materials [3,4]. The powder metallurgy (PM) techniques such as vacuum sintering, hot isostatic pressure (HIP), channel angular pressure, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) have been widely using to fabricate the dense and porous Ti6Al4V components [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Up to now, many studies have been done to find the best technique to fabricate Ti6Al4V.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although considered as the innovative industrial production technologies, they have not been widely used compared to the conventional techniques due to the complicated and expensive equipment [13,14]. Compared to the new technologies, the conventional PM techniques usually cause some disadvantages such as porosity and composition segregation, which reduce the mechanical properties of the components and difficult to be removed during the fabrication process [10][11][12]. Many studies have focused on controlling the porosity (shape, size, and volume fraction) and the microstructures problems like martensitic microstructures and/or shape and size of α+β phases by changing some sintering parameters such as heating rate, particle size, pressure, and temperature [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Consolidated by Different Sintering Techniques

Phuong

Luong

Luan

et al. 2019

Metals

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In this paper, we investigated the effect of the different sintering techniques including vacuum sintering, capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and capsule HIP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy. The obtained results indicated that full density Ti6Al4V alloy could be obtained by using capsule HIP technique. The alloy sintered by capsule HIP had the highest hardness (~405 HV) and compressive yield strength (~1056 MPa). It is interesting that the geometry has a significant influence on the relative density and mechanical properties of the alloy sintered by the capsule-free HIP. The relative density, hardness, and compressive yield strength rise from center to periphery of the specimen. This is attributed to the heating and pressing in the capsule-free, which are external, leading to the densification processes starting from the outside to the inner parts of the pressed specimen. Using theoretical prediction with Gibson and Ashby power law found that the yield strength of the alloy sintered by capsule-HIP technique is much lower than that of the calculated value due to the formation of the coarse lamellar microstructure of -Ti grains.

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High-strength Ti–6Al–4V with ultrafine-grained structure fabricated by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering

Cited by 102 publications

References 29 publications

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Development of High Ductility and Adequate Strength in Pure Titanium Recycled from Chips by Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Consolidated by Different Sintering Techniques

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