High strengthening effects and excellent wear resistance of Ti₃Al(Si)C₂ solid solutions

Abstract

The Ti3Al1.2−xSixC2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) powders were synthesized from Ti, Al, Si, and TiC powders, and nearly pure Ti3Al1.2−xSixC2 bulks were fabricated by the means of two‐time hot‐pressing method. Significant strengthening effect in bulks was found after the addition of 0.2 Si and 0.4 Si to form Ti3Al(Si)C2 solid solutions. The flexural strengths of Ti3AlSi0.2C2 and Ti3Al0.8Si0.4C2 were 485 and 554 MPa, 14% and 30% larger than the strength of Ti3AlC2, respectively. The Vickers hardness of these compounds were separately, 6.95 and 7.57 GPa, representing the enhancements of 37% and 49% over those of Ti3AlC2. The tribological behavior was studied by dry‐sliding method with a S45C steel at the sliding speed of 30 m/s and the normal load of 20‐80 N. The results showed that after incorporating different contents of Si, the friction coefficient was between 0.22 and 0.30, correspondingly lower wear rate was 3.19‐2.61 × 10−6 mm3/Nm. These excellent tribological performances were attributed to the presence of continuous self‐generated oxidized films during tribological examination. Finally, the phase compositions and microhardness of the oxidized films were analyzed and characterized.

Extending the Chemistry of Layered Solids and Nanosheets: Chemistry and Structure of MAX Phases, MAB Phases and MXenes

“…Solid solutions on the A ‐site have been realized in the past. Aluminum forms solid solutions with gallium in V 2 (Al,Ga)C, [27] tin in Zr 2 (Al,Sn)C, [136] Ti 3 (Al,Sn)C 2, [137] and Ta 3 (Al,Sn)C 2 [138] and germanium in Cr 2 (Al,Ge)C [139] as well as silicon in Zr 3 (Al,Si)C 2, [140] Cr 2 (Al,Si)C [141] and Ti 3 (Al,Si)C 2 [142] and lead in Zr 2 (Al,Pb)C [136] . Furthermore silicon has been mixed with germanium in the quaternary compound Ti 3 (Si,Ge)C 2.…”

“…[74][75][76][77][78] Solid solutions on the A-site have been realized in the past. Aluminum forms solid solutions with gallium in V 2 (Al,Ga)C, [27] tin in Zr 2 (Al,Sn)C, [136] Ti 3 (Al,Sn)C 2, [137] and Ta 3 (Al,Sn)C 2 [138] and germanium in Cr 2 (Al,Ge)C [139] as well as silicon in Zr 3 (Al,Si)C 2, [140] Cr 2 (Al,Si)C [141] and Ti 3 (Al,Si)C 2 [142] and lead in Zr 2 (Al,Pb)C. [136] Furthermore silicon has been mixed with germanium in the quaternary compound Ti 3 (Si,Ge)C 2. [143] Multinary MAX phases that have been prepared are Ti 3 (Al,Si,Sn)C 2 [144] and some double substitution [145][146][147] and higher mixed compounds [147] with mixed elements on the M-and A-sites.…”

Use of additives for porosity control in the manufacturing of MAX phase components by powder bed fusion processes

“…Generally, elements used for substitution are usually neighboring elements in the periodic table of elements with similar atomic radii and electronic structure. 3,4 Some examples of the current trend on research include Ti 3 (Al 1−𝑥 Si 𝑥 )C 2 , 2,9-11 (Ti 1−𝑥 Zr 𝑥 ) 3 SiC 2 , 12 (Zr 1−𝑥 , Ti 𝑥 ) 3 AlC 2 , 13 (Ta 1−𝑥 , Hf 𝑥 ) 4 AlC 3 , 14 (Ta 1−𝑥 , Nb 𝑥 ) 4 AlC 3 , 14 (Ti 1−𝑥 , V 𝑥 ) 2 AlC, 15 (Ti 1−𝑥 , Nb 𝑥 ) 3 AlC 2 , 16 Ti 2 AlSn 0.2 C, 17,18 Ti 3 Al(Sn)C 2 , 19,20 Ti 2 (Al 0.1 Cu 0.9 )N, 21 (Ti 1−𝑥 , Mo 𝑥 ) 2 AlC, 22 and (Zr, Nb) 2 (Al, Sn)C. 7 Besides this, other methods for property improvement following the same principle of potential applications extension of MAX phases exist. Ceramic and fiber reinforcement were among the methods commonly used to improve mechanical properties of MAX phases in previous work.…”

“…Generally, elements used for substitution are usually neighboring elements in the periodic table of elements with similar atomic radii and electronic structure 3,4 . Some examples of the current trend on research include $${\rm{Ti}}_3({\rm{Al}}_{1 - x}{\rm{Si}}_x){{\rm{C}}}_2$$, 2,9–11 $${({\rm{Ti}}_{1 - x}{\rm{Zr}}_x)}_3{\rm{SiC}}_2$$, 12 $${({\rm{Zr}}_{1 - x},{\rm{Ti}}_x)}_3{\rm{AlC}}_2$$, 13 $${({\rm{Ta}}_{1 - x},{\rm{Hf}}_x)}_4{\rm{AlC}}_3$$, 14 $${({\rm{Ta}}_{1 - x},{\rm{Nb}}_x)}_4 {\rm{AlC}}_3$$, 14 $${({\rm{Ti}}_{1 - x},{{\rm{V}}}_x)}_2{\rm{AlC}}$$, 15 $${({\rm{Ti}}_{1 - x},{\rm{Nb}}_x)}_3{\rm{AlC}}_2$$, 16 Ti 2 AlSn 0.2 C, 17,18 Ti 3 Al(Sn)C 2 , 19,20 Ti 2 (Al 0.1 Cu 0.9 )N, 21 …”