High surface area g-C3N4 nanosheets as superior solar-light photocatalyst for the degradation of parabens

Abstract

The rational design and development of highly-active photocatalytic materials for the degradation of dangerous chemical compounds, such as parabens, is one of the main research pillars in the field of photocatalysis. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a 2D non-metal material and is considered one of the most promising photocatalysts, because of its peculiar physicochemical properties. In this work, porous g-C3N4 nanosheets (CNNs) were successfully prepared via thermal exfoliation of bulk g-C3N4 (CNB). A thorough physicochemical characterization analysis before and after the exfoliation process was performed, revealing the improved textural characteristics (surface area of 212 m2/g), chemical stability, and optical properties (wide band gap of 2.91 eV) of CNNs compared to the CNB. Then, both CNB and CNNs were comparatively assessed as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben (MP, EP, and PP), as well as of their mixture. CNNs with high surface area display superior photocatalytic performance under solar irradiation, offering > 95% degradation efficiency to all parabens, in contrast to the much inferior performance of CNB (< 30%). Several experimental parameters, involving catalyst concentration, initial concentration of parabens, and irradiation type were thoroughly investigated for the degradation of MP over CNNs. Moreover, various scavengers were employed to discriminate the role of different reactive species, revealing that superoxide anion radicals (·O2–) play a pivotal role in the degradation process, in contrast to hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The present results pave the way towards the facile synthesis of high surface area CNNs with improved textural and electronic characteristics, which can be applied in various environmental applications.

Unveiling the Mechanistic Aspects of Solar-Driven Hematein Remediation Using Biocompatible Metal-Free Carbon Nitride Nanosheets

“…A marginal blueshift in absorbance was noted in E-C 3 N 4 nanosheets from 448 to 446 nm, with a change in the color of the sample from yellow to white. The blue shift in the absorbance of E-C 3 N 4 is attributed to the quantum confinement effect owing to the reduced stacked C 3 N 4 layer thickness . The Kubelka–Munk method was employed to obtain the band gap energy of the carbon nitride.…”

Pt Nanoparticles Embedded Polypyrrole‐Carbon Black/SrSnO3 Photocatalyst with Stable and Superior Photodegradation Performance

“…Creation of an efficient, competent, and productive photocatalytic structure needs perfect alteration, modification skills. Furthermore, high surface area of created photocatalyst was supposed to be quite advantageous for improved performance [15–17] . So, to achieve maximum output from a newly established photocatalyst, the preferred candidate must possess encouraging surface area with impeccable electron/hole pair separation skills [18] .…”

“…Furthermore, high surface area of created photocatalyst was supposed to be quite advantageous for improved performance. [15][16][17] So, to achieve maximum output from a newly established photocatalyst, the preferred candidate must possess encouraging surface area with impeccable electron/hole pair separation skills. [18] The existence of defects in photocatalytic structure are highly recommended, as the charge carrier production sites played a crucial role for superior photo activity of newly developed materials.…”