High surface area mesoporous activated carbon from tomato processing solid waste by zinc chloride activation: process optimization, characterization and dyes adsorption

Sayğılı, Hasan; Güzel, Fuat

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.055

Cited by 345 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…Besides, researchers could exert the unique chemical or structural characteristics of carbon sources to synthesize various porous carbons with different pore structures 43–45. Traditionally, potassium hydroxide (KOH),51,52 sodium hydroxide (NaOH),53,54 zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ),55 phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ),49,56 sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ),57 and potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 )57,58 have been used as activation agents. For a high‐level summary of the effect of traditional chemical activation agents on porous carbon, the relationships between the SSA and activation temperature of the activated carbon are shown in Figure 3b for a few chemical activation agents 59.…”

Section: Carbonization–activation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2020

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Supercapacitors (SCs) have experienced a significant increase in research activity and commercialization during the past few decades. As the primary and most important electrode active material for commercial SCs, porous carbon is produced at an industrial‐scale through traditional carbonization‐activation strategies. Nevertheless, commercial porous carbon materials have some disadvantages such as high production cost, corrosion of equipment, and emission of toxic gases and byproduct pollutants during production. In recent years, huge efforts have been made to develop novel synthesis strategies for porous carbon materials. This review focuses on the pore formation mechanisms in traditional carbonization‐activation methods, emerging activation methods, template methods, self‐template methods, and novel emerging methods for the synthesis of porous carbons for SCs. Strategies developed so far for the synthesis of porous carbon materials are summarized. The mechanisms and recent advances for each strategy are reviewed. Furthermore, future directions and synthesis strategies for porous carbons are proposed.

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Section: Carbonization–activation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Tomato processing solid waste-based activated carbons were prepared at impregnation ratio of 1:6 (tomato processing solid waste : ZnCl 2 ) at 600 °C for 0.5 to 4 h (Saygili and Guzel, 2015). The s urface area, pore volume, mesoporosity, average pore diameter were found to increase with increasing activation time from 0.5 h to 1 h. However, the textural properties of activated carbon collapse because some of the pores start to sealed-off as a result of sintering effect due to an extended activation time from 1 h to 4 h (Mohanty et al, 2006;Saygili and Guzel, 2015). Cashew nut shell was activated using zinc chloride at impregnation ratio of 1.5:1 (cashew nut shell : ZnCl 2 ) at 500 °C.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Zinc Chloride Activationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Activated carbons by zinc chloride activation for dye removal – a commentary

Hock

Zaini

2018

Acta Chimica Slovaca

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Zinc chloride is a commonly used activator in chemical activation of activated carbon. Various carbonaceous materials have been studied as potential source of activated carbon. The operating conditions are manipulated with attention to improve the properties and performance of activated carbon in the adsorption of water pollutants. However, the generalized attributes of zinc chloride activation in relation to the adsorptive performance of activated carbon are not well documented in much of published literature. Therefore, the present work is aimed to highlight the activation strategies and mechanisms of zinc chloride activation of activated carbon. The roles of impregnation ratio, period of activation and temperature are discussed to offer some insight into textural characteristics of activated carbon. The case studies on methylene blue adsorption are integrated to shed light on the external factors affecting the adsorption.

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“…This would deliver a large amount of residue, mainly their pits, which comprise almost 10-15wt% of the total, and this huge amount of residue becomes an environmental problem, while the best solution for this is to produce biofuels and chemicals with that residue [3][4][5]. Date pits have been widely studied as adsorbent materials after carbonization to form activated carbon, and used further as an adsorbing agent due to their high wooden fiber content [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

Jamil

Al-Muhtaseb

Naushad

et al. 2020

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

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The present study intended to adopt a facile method for preparing a sulphonated green carbon catalyst from date pits biomass. Catalyst synthesis involves in-situ carbonization and sulphonation and it has been characterized by following techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET. Surface and internal morphology results exhibited that the synthesized sulphonated carbon material possesses a mesoporous structure, while activated carbon possesses a microporous structure. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of acidic groups (-OH, -COOH, and -SO 3 H) in synthesized sulphonated carbon material. Sulphonated carbon material exhibited high acidity (4.7mmol/g) and good thermal stability. The application of this catalyst for the tertiary butylation of phenol without using any solvent has been investigated. The phenol alkylation reaction showed maximum conversion at reaction condition; temperature (140°C) with 2bar (nitrogen gas) pressure with maximum phenol conversion 79.27wt%, with 68.01% selectivity towards 4TBP+2,4TBP, which is used as an intermediate in antioxidants. The catalyst exhibits comparable catalytic performance up to five reaction cycles. Thus it can be concluded that waste date pits can be successfully employed for green catalyst synthesis and used for reactions involving large molecules.

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High surface area mesoporous activated carbon from tomato processing solid waste by zinc chloride activation: process optimization, characterization and dyes adsorption

Cited by 345 publications

References 50 publications

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Activated carbons by zinc chloride activation for dye removal – a commentary

Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

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