High surface area porous carbons produced by steam activation of graphene aerogels

Sui, Zhuyin; Meng, Qinghan; Li, Jitao; Zhu, Jianhua; Cui, Yi; Han, Bao‐Hang

doi:10.1039/c4ta01387e

Cited by 165 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Compared to GO, the decreased interlayer distance in NPGM and PGM suggests the removal of functional groups and partial recovery of graphitic domains, which is consistent with previous reports 37,43. 5b) indicate that NPGM and PGM possess a hierarchical porous structure and their pore size distribution based on the Barret-Joyner-Halenda method is in the range of 2-50 nm, which is desirable for electrode materials.…”

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confidence: 89%

A highly nitrogen-doped porous graphene – an anode material for lithium ion batteries

et al. 2015

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A novel nitrogen-doped porous graphene material (NPGM) was prepared by freeze-drying a graphene/melamine-formaldehyde hydrogel and subsequent thermal treatment. The use of melamine-formaldehyde resin as a cross-linking agent and nitrogen source enhances the nitrogen content. NPGM possesses a hierarchical porous structure, a large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (up to 1170 m 2 g -1 ), and a considerable nitrogen content (5.8 at%). NPGM displays a discharge capacity of 672 mA h g -1 at a current density of 100 mA g -1 when used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, much higher than that observed for a nitrogen-free graphene porous material (450 mA h g -1 ). The NPGM electrode also possesses superior cycle stability.No capacity loss was observed even after 200 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 400 mA g -1 . The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to nitrogen doping, high specific surface area, and the three-dimensional porous network structure.Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) was synthesized by adding formaldehyde (1.01 g, 37 wt%) and 0.63 g melamine into ultrapure water (7.86 g), followed by the addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 mL, 0.1 M). This mixture was heated at 80 °C for 15 min till it turned clear. The resultant soluble MF (1.0 g) was 13 of graphene material. In addition, a great amount of crumpled sheets can be observed in the TEM images of NPGM and PGM, and these sheets are entangled with each other (Figs. 4c and d). Both NPGM and PGM possess a 3D interconnected network structure as expected, which may deliver superior electrochemical properties. Fig. 4 SEM images of NPGM (a) and PGM (b), TEM images of NPGM (c) and PGM (d).A nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement was applied to further investigate porous properties. Both NPGM and PGM exhibit type IV isotherms, and their nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms show high uptake at a low relative pressure of 0-0.1, suggesting the microporous nature. Compared with PGM, NPGM displays a larger hysteresis at the relative pressure range of 0.45-1.0 (Fig. 5a), indicating the presence of 21 graphene sheets, which is helpful to the adsorption and infiltration of lithium ions into electrode. 23 The reduced charge-transfer resistance is beneficial to the electron transfer and lithium ion transport between the electrode and electrolyte. Fig. 9 (a) Electrochemical impedance spectra of NPGM and PGM electrodes (Inset is the corresponding simulation results for NGPM and PGM electrodes), (b) the simulated Randles equivalent circuit for NPGM and PGM electrodes. (CPE and R stand for the constant phase element and resistance, respectively.) ConclusionsIn this work, we prepared a graphene-based hydrogel by using melamine-formaldehyde resin as a cross-linking agent. NPGM was fabricated through freeze-drying of GMF hydrogel and subsequent thermal treatment. The as-prepared NPGM possessed a hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area, and

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confidence: 89%

A highly nitrogen-doped porous graphene – an anode material for lithium ion batteries

et al. 2015

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“…Water vapor at high temperature develops microporosity and thus, can improve CO 2 adsorption. Sui et al [20] carried out steam activation of graphene aerogels, which adsorbed 2.5 mmol g À1 of CO 2 (0°C, 1 bar). Tseng et al [21] performed steam activation of the carbons obtained from melamine-modified phenol-formaldehyde resins and achieved 6.7 mmol g À1 of CO 2 (0°C, 1 atm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of activating agents on the development of microporosity in polymeric-based carbon for CO2 adsorption

Ludwinowicz

Jaroniec

2015

Carbon

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“…A higher porosity yields higher surface areas, providing one of the key characteristics for high‐performance electrochemical supercapacitors. Therefore, it is logical to assume that porous materials with high surface areas will yield more active sites for adsorption/desorption reactions and ion/electron transport in electrochemical applications . However, high‐surface‐area carbon electrodes tend to be more complex, and other factors play a role in determining the capacitance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Effect of Pore Sizes on Energy Storage in Nanoporous Carbon Supercapacitors

Young

Lin

Wang

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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Mesoporous carbon can be synthesized with good control of surface area, pore-size distribution, and porous architecture. Although the relationship between porosity and supercapacitor performance is well known, there are no thorough reports that compare the performance of numerous types of carbon samples side by side. In this manuscript, we describe the performance of 13 porous carbon samples in supercapacitor devices. We suggest that there is a "critical pore size" at which guest molecules can pass through the pores effectively. In this context, the specific surface area (SSA) and pore-size distribution (PSD) are used to show the point at which the pore size crosses the threshold of critical size. These measurements provide a guide for the development of new kinds of carbon materials for supercapacitor devices.

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High surface area porous carbons produced by steam activation of graphene aerogels

Cited by 165 publications

References 68 publications

A highly nitrogen-doped porous graphene – an anode material for lithium ion batteries

A highly nitrogen-doped porous graphene – an anode material for lithium ion batteries

Effect of activating agents on the development of microporosity in polymeric-based carbon for CO2 adsorption

Significant Effect of Pore Sizes on Energy Storage in Nanoporous Carbon Supercapacitors

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