High Surface Area  V 2 O 5 Aerogel Intercalation Electrodes

Abstract

Supercritical drying of V205 gels yields amorphous aerogels (ARG) that serve as reversible, high capacity hosts for lithium ion intercalation. We have found that ARG material consists of a highly interconnected solid network that has a surface area up to 450 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 2.3 cm3/g. The material hosts at least 4 Li per mole of V205 (ARG) as determined by both galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) and chemical lithiation (CL) techniques. The equilibrium voltage-composition curve is identical for both GITT and CL techniques as well. V205 (ARG) has a specific energy in excess of 1600 Wh/kg, the highest ever reported for any vanadium oxide host. * Electrochemical Society Student Member. * * Electrochemical Society Active Member.

Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors

“…Among them, V 2 O 5 and MnO 2 are two important examples. V 2 O 5 has the advantages of non-toxicity, low cost, and high theoretical capacity (590 mAh/g) (Le et al, 1996). However, the major disadvantages of V 2 O 5 are its intrinsically low electronic conductivity (10 -6 ~ 10 -7 S/cm) (Benmoussa et al, 1995) and the slow Li + diffusion within the host matrix (diffusion coefficient: ~ 10 -13 cm 2 /s) (Passerini et al, 1999 (Kim et al, 2006).…”

XAS investigation on polyvalent cation intercalation in V2O5 aerogels

“…Vanadium pentoxide hydrogels were synthesized by ion exchange processing of sodium metavanadate (Livage, 1992;Le et al, 1996). Aerogels were obtained using the procedure described by Le et al (1996).…”

“…Recently, it has been shown that the aerogel form (later called ARG) has superior properties as an intercalation host for lithium as well as for polyvalent cations. Up to four equivalents of cation (Li ÷, Mg 2÷, Zn 2÷, AI 3÷) per mole of V20 s can be reversibly intercalated into the ARG (Le et al, 1996;Le et al, 1998). To characterize the structure of the ARG, XAS investigations were performed on lithium intercalated samples (Passerini et al, 1997).…”

“…Since ARGs are mostly amorphous materials (Le et al, 1996;Passerini et al, 1997), the investigations were carried out by means of XAS. The introduction of a second internal structural probe, zinc, into the material has been successful and has helped to improve the understanding of the V205 aerogel structure as well as of the cation intercalation process.…”

Secondary Battery Science: At the Confluence of Electrochemistry and Materials Engineering

“…3B) could be prepared. 18 Cyclic voltammetry data were collected for two samples of Ag x Mn 8 O 16 with corresponding crystallite sizes of 25.6 and 12.1 nm, respectively (Fig. 4).…”