High Sustained G-Tolerance Model Development

Abstract

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Modeling of Mechanisms Providing the Overall Control of Human Circulation

“…Models of CVS assisting both physiologists and physicians have been proposed since the 1960-s. Initially, models were relatively simple and concerned those fragments of CVS, biophysical characteristics that had been properly estimated or well-measured [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . The modeling of CVS's most fragments did not require such physiological nuances as hemodynamic effects of local or organism-scale control mechanisms.…”

“…If more detailed, even for baroreceptor reflexes activated from receptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinuses, the additivity was observed only for moderate changes of transmural pressures in these zones of ABR. Already in the model, created for simulating human hemodynamic responses to +Gz accelerations [13] , it was revealed a specific phenomenon: under extreme values of acceleration, the carotid reflex and aortic reflex function antagonistically. This observation has been explained [17] .…”

“…I shall note that there are not yet formal methods for the verification of every constant used in the model. Therefore, a big role played the 50-year experience in the creation of quantitative models of human physiology [12,13,[15][16][17][39][40][41][42][43] . Additionally, to solve most problems, associated with both tuning and verification of models' constants, special software and interface were created [43] .…”

Interaction of non-monochromatic laser field with two-level atom

“…Since it is the dipole moment that determines the pulse spectrum and the pulse phase modulation in the case of propagation in a medium, equation (14) shows that four-photon (as well as higher order) processes are responsible for the pulse spectrum broadening (see also [8]). …”

“…In this particular case, the series are easily summed and one obtains the well-known solution [6] As follows from formulas (16) and (16a), four-photon coherent processes (as well as those of higher order) result in the pulse spectrum broadening (which will, in turn, cause phase modulation during propagation in a medium [8]). Note that, as is known, in the case of spectral-limited pulses in exact resonance the spectrum is not broadened and phase modulation is absent (see, for example, [9]).…”