High temperature anhydrous proton exchange membranes based on chemically-functionalized titanium/polybenzimidazole composites for fuel cells

Lee, Sang Rae; Seo, Kwangwon; Ghorpade, Ravindra V.; Nam, Ki Ho; Han, Haksoo

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127167

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, compared to m -PBI, m -PBI350-2 exhibited better performance with a maximum power density of 595 mW cm −2 , even when considering membrane thickness. It also exhibited a stable performance without any apparent decline, which is commonly observed for damaged membranes with high cross-over [ 5 , 8 , 9 ], indicating the asymmetric nature of the membrane surface and the sufficient pores filled with liquid PA to warrant minimal gas cross-over ( Figure 7 A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…where W 0 is the initial doped weight of the membrane, and W PA is the weight of the doped PA inside the membrane, calculated using Equation (5).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membranes, such as Nafion ® , are widely used in PEMFCs as the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for various applications owing to their favorable properties. However, such fuel cells are still associated with several problems that need to be resolved, such as low carbon monoxide tolerance, requirement of humidification equipment, expensive fluorinated polymers, and limited operating temperatures (below 100 • C), which leads to limited activity of expensive catalysts [1][2][3][4][5]. Particularly, the fundamental limiting aspect of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer is its requirement for water as the medium for proton transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase Inversion-Induced Porous Polybenzimidazole Fuel Cell Membranes: An Efficient Architecture for High-Temperature Water-Free Proton Transport

et al. 2020

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To cope with the demand for cleaner alternative energy, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received significant research attention owing to their high-power density, high fuel efficiency, and low polluting by-product. However, the water requirement of these cells has necessitated research on systems that do not require water and/or use other mediums with higher boiling points. In this work, a highly porous meta-polybenzimidazole (m-PBI) membrane was fabricated through the non-solvent induced phase inversion technique and thermal cross-linking for high-temperature PEMFC (HT-PEMFC) applications. Standard non-thermally treated porous membranes are susceptible to phosphoric acid (PA) even at low concentrations and are unsuitable as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). With the porous structure of m-PBI membranes, higher PA uptake and minimal swelling, which is controlled via cross-linking, was achieved. In addition, the membranes exhibited partial asymmetrical morphology and are directly applicable to fuel cell systems without any further modifications. Membranes with insufficient cross-linking resulted in an unstable performance in HT-PEMFC environments. By optimizing thermal treatment, a high-performance membrane with limited swelling and improved proton conductivity was achieved. Finally, the m-PBI membrane exhibited enhanced acid retention, proton conductivity, and fuel cell performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…where W 0 is the initial doped weight of the membrane, and W PA is the weight of the doped PA inside the membrane, calculated using Equation (5).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase Inversion-Induced Porous Polybenzimidazole Fuel Cell Membranes: An Efficient Architecture for High-Temperature Water-Free Proton Transport

et al. 2020

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“…Lee et al fabricated a PBI composite with sulfophenylated titanium oxide nanoparticles for fuel cells operating at elevated temperatures [167]. As expected, the introduction of the filler material improved acid retention and proton conductivity.…”

Section: Inorganic Fillersmentioning

confidence: 74%

Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies—A Review

et al. 2020

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Nafion membranes are still the dominating material used in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technologies. They are widely used in several applications thanks to their excellent properties: high proton conductivity and high chemical stability in both oxidation and reduction environment. However, they have several technical challenges: reactants permeability, which results in reduced performance, dependence on water content to perform preventing the operation at higher temperatures or low humidity levels, and chemical degradation. This paper reviews novel composite membranes that have been developed for PEM applications, including direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), hydrogen PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), and water electrolysers (PEMWEs), aiming at overcoming the drawbacks of the commercial Nafion membranes. It provides a broad overview of the Nafion-based membranes, with organic and inorganic fillers, and non-fluorinated membranes available in the literature for which various main properties (proton conductivity, crossover, maximum power density, and thermal stability) are reported. The studies on composite membranes demonstrate that they are suitable for PEM applications and can potentially compete with Nafion membranes in terms of performance and lifetime.

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“…For example, a membrane exhibiting the anhydrous conductivity of 0.038 S cm À1 at 140 C was prepared by hybridizing PBI and sulfonic-acid-modied silica and further doping Pa into the composite membrane. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51] However, the conductivity was still lower than that of humidied Naon membranes, probably because the ability to retain Pa in the membrane was not high; substantially, merely the surface of the PBI membranes might be dissolved in Pa due to the rigidity of PBI. To overcome the above mentioned problems, some Pa-doped composite membranes composed of sulfonated PEEK [52][53][54] or ether bonds-incorporated PBI [55][56][57] have also been developed, which exhibit high anhydrous conductivities due to the higher Pa doping level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidity effects of medium fluids on anhydrous proton conductivity of acid-swollen block polymer electrolyte membranes

et al. 2021

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High temperature anhydrous proton exchange membranes based on chemically-functionalized titanium/polybenzimidazole composites for fuel cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Phase Inversion-Induced Porous Polybenzimidazole Fuel Cell Membranes: An Efficient Architecture for High-Temperature Water-Free Proton Transport

Phase Inversion-Induced Porous Polybenzimidazole Fuel Cell Membranes: An Efficient Architecture for High-Temperature Water-Free Proton Transport

Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies—A Review

Acidity effects of medium fluids on anhydrous proton conductivity of acid-swollen block polymer electrolyte membranes

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